Amanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology

Michelot, D.; Melendez-Howell, L. M.

doi:10.1017/s0953756203007305

Cited by 198 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Alterations of time and space perception, auditory and visual hallucinations, and ataxia have been reported [51][52][53][54][55][56]. Rarely, tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, or flushing are seen [16,39].…”

Section: Inebriating Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Graeme

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Approximately 100 of the known species of mushrooms are poisonous to humans. New toxic mushroom species continue to be identified. Some species initially classified as edible are later reclassified as toxic. This results in a continually expanding list of toxic mushrooms. As new toxic species are identified, some classic teachings about mycetism no longer hold true. As more toxic mushrooms are identified and more toxic syndromes are reported, older classification systems fail to effectively accommodate mycetism. This review provides an update of myscetism and classifies mushroom poisonings by the primary organ system affected, permitting expansion, as new, toxic mushroom species are discovered.

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Section: Inebriating Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Graeme

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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“…Among the fungal substances known to be toxic to insects, ibotenic acid and muscimol are both found in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) (8) . This fungus is generally found in temperate areas, and in Brazil, has been reported from São Paulo to the southern part of the country in association with plantations of Pinus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highly toxic activity of A. muscaria is likely a result of ibotenic acid and muscim ol, toxic substances found in A. muscaria that are known to be responsible for causing death in fl ies (8) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Larvicidal efficiency of the mushroom Amanitamuscaria (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) against the mosquito Culexquinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae)

Cárcamo

Carapeto

Duarte

et al. 2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:We report the larvicidal activity of two formulations from Amanita muscaria against Culex quinquefasciatus, as well as the viability of the aqueous extract after storage. Methods: The larvicidal activity of aqueous extract and powder from A. muscaria, and the viability of the aqueous extract after storage, were evaluated. Results: The aqueous extract caused larval deaths, which varied from 16.4% to 88.4%. The effi ciency of the powder varied from 29.2% to 82.8%. Storage did not interfere with the larvicidal effi ciency of the aqueous extract of A. muscaria. Conclusions: These results show the potential of A. muscaria to control C. quinquefasciatus.Keywords: Bioinsecticide. Fly agaric. Filariasis vector.The mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae), is the main vector of the human parasitic roundworm, Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877) (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) on the American continent (1) . Reisen (2) reported that this mosquito can also act as a vector of arboviruses, such as West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis.This species is usually controlled by the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. The use of these products can cause problems, such as human and environmental contamination, as well as the development of resistance in insect populations (3) .Plant-based products are the most recently researched alternatives, showing great results in mosquito control (4) (5) . However, although there are few studies that investigate the use of fungi as a control measure, some fungal species have shown promising results against insects (6) (7) .Among the fungal substances known to be toxic to insects, ibotenic acid and muscimol are both found in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) (8) . This fungus is generally found in temperate areas, and in Brazil, has been reported from São Paulo to the southern part of the country in association with plantations of Pinus spp. or Eucalyptus spp. (9) . Although A. muscaria possesses substances that are toxic to insects, there are no studies regarding the impact of this fungal species against culicids.Thus, this work aims to report the toxicity of two formulations, an aqueous extract, and a powder, from A. muscaria against C. quinquefasciatus larvae, as well as to evaluate the ability to store the aqueous extract of this fungal species.The larvae of C. quinquefasciatus used in this study were obtained from a laboratory colony, and raised according to the methodology proposed by Gerber (10) , differing only in the diet offered to the larvae. In this investigation, the larvae were fed with minced fi sh feed.Amanita muscaria specimens were collected in July in a grove of Pinus elliottii Engelmann, 1880 ( Pinales, Pinaceae) in Capão do Leão, Brazil ( 31°48′08.7″S, 52°24′51.2″W). Basid iomata were collected when their rings were completely opened, and were subsequently put in an incubator at 45°C for 96h. After dehydration, basidiomata were milled in an electric mill with a mesh of 0.5mm.Crude ...

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“…In this research, the effect of dexamethasone on memory retrieval was increased by intra-BLA injection of muscimol, an agonist of GABA A receptors, when administered after training and before injection of dexamethasone. Several studies have suggested that muscimol affects memory retention (Michelot and Melendez-Howell, 2003;DiSorbo et al, 2009). For example, Castellano and McGaugh (1990) reported that muscimol, administered systemically after training, impaired retrieval in a passive avoidance memory model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of basolateral amygdala GABAA receptors in the effect of dexamethasone on memory in rats

Khajehpour

Alizadeh-Makvandi

Kesmati

et al. 2011

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:In this study we investigated whether GABA A receptors of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) interact with the effect of dexamethasone on the retrieval stage of memory. Adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally cannulated in the BLA by stereotaxic surgery. The animals were trained in step-through apparatus by induction of electric shock (1.5 mA, 3 s) and were tested for memory retrieval after 1 d. The time of latency for entering the dark compartment of the instrument and the time spent by rats in this chamber were recorded for evaluation of the animals' retrieval in passive avoidance memory. Administration of dexamethasone (0.3 and 0.9 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)), immediately after training, enhanced memory retrieval. This effect was reduced by intra-BLA microinjection of muscimol (0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 µg/rat), when administered before 0.9 mg/kg of dexamethasone. Microinjection of bicuculline (0.75 µg/rat, intra-BLA) with an ineffective dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) increased memory retrieval. However, the same doses of muscimol and bicuculline without dexamethasone did not affect memory processes. Our data support reports that dexamethasone enhances memory retrieval. It seems that GABA A receptors of the BLA mediate the effect of dexamethasone on memory retrieval in rats.

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Amanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology

Cited by 198 publications

References 129 publications

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Larvicidal efficiency of the mushroom Amanitamuscaria (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) against the mosquito Culexquinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae)

Involvement of basolateral amygdala GABAA receptors in the effect of dexamethasone on memory in rats

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