Amanita nephrotoxic syndrome: Presumptive first case report on the Indian subcontinent

Abstract

Mushroom poisoning is a rare cause of acute kidney injury. Here, we present a case with presumed Amanita nephrotoxic syndrome, a first of its kind from the Indian subcontinent.

Diversity and biological characteristics of macrofungi of district Bajaur, a remote area of Pakistan in the Hindu Kush range

“…Death might occur within a week in dire circumstances [ 52 ]. The consumption of Amanita species as food can cause nephrotoxicity that leads to renal failure and gastroenteritis [ 53 ]. Ingestion of poisonous mushrooms results in death incidents that happen every year all over the world, and many of these cases have been documented.…”

Delayed liver toxicity and delayed gastroenteritis

“…[ 12 14 ] To date, cases of mushroom poisoning in India have been reported in case reports, and fatal cases have been observed more often in tropical belts of the country (Eastern Ghats, Western Ghat, Himalayan Belt and Northeast India, Kerela) that favor the growth of different mushroom species. [ 2 3 5 6 7 8 ] Most case reports were diagnosed from the clinical history and presentation because mushroom identification by an expert mycologist is not always available and toxin analysis is also not routinely performed. [ 15 16 17 18 19 ] A case series described by Verma et al .…”

“…In recent years, mushroom poisoning and deaths have been reported in case reports and case series during the rainy summer seasons. [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ] It is during these time of the year that wild poisonous mushrooms grow abundantly and they are often mistaken with the edible ones. In two separate studies by Goldfrank LR et al .…”

Mycetism – A report of three cases with review of recent literature

“…Amanita proxima or Amanita smithiana are known to cause accelerated renal failure, which is usually reversible and responds well to treatment. 4,5 In contrast, the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by Cortinarius species of mushrooms containing orellanine can take several days, with the majority of cases progressing to chronic renal failure. 6 The fact that our patient responded well to treatment and recovered with no residual kidney damage lends credence to Amanita proxima or Amanita smithiana being the causative mushrooms (Figure 1).…”