Silvicultural operations are widely used for forest regeneration and promotion of tree growth by reducing competition. The main aim of pruning, on the other hand, is to disrupt vertical fuel continuity and enhance wood quality, although the impact of silviculture on wood properties has scarcely been studied in the case of Mediterranean conifer forests. Our main goal is to synthesize the primary findings regarding the impact of thinning and pruning on tree growth and wood density of Mediterranean conifers. For this purpose, we used data from three thinning and pruning trials in Central Spain, specifically in forests of Pinus sylvestris and two subspecies of Pinus nigra. Our results indicate that thinning enhanced tree growth for the three species but did not significantly affect wood density. In contrast, no significant effects of pruning were observed, either on tree growth or on wood density. We concluded that thinning in combination with pruning is a suitable way to promote tree growth without compromising wood quality.