Ambient air benzene at background sites in China's most developed coastal regions: Exposure levels, source implications and health risks

Zhang, Zhou; Wang, Xinming; Zhang, Yanli; Lu, Shaoping; Huang, Zhi‐Zhen; Huang, Xinyu; Wang, Yuesi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.003

Cited by 85 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Of note, most of the studies suggesting an association with benzene and myeloid malignancies were not conducted in the United States and it is possible that higher benzene levels found in other countries such as China explain the difference between the results of those studies and ours. A monitoring study conducted in developed regions of China found mean annual benzene levels that were much higher (578–1,297 ppt) than those found in a study of 28 U.S. cities (60–480 ppt) . In addition, environmental exposures among the general population are generally much lower than occupational exposures .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Residential ambient benzene exposure in the United States and subsequent risk of hematologic malignancies

Teras

Diver

Deubler

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Benzene is considered a carcinogen, mostly based on evidence of causality for myeloid leukemia from high levels of exposure in occupational studies. We used United States Environmental Protection Agency National Ambient Toxics Assessment (NATA) estimates of low‐level ambient benzene to examine potential associations for the general public between benzene exposure and risk of hematologic cancers. Exposure was estimated by linking participants’ residential address to the NATA benzene estimates for that census tract. Among 115,996 American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study‐II Nutrition cohort participants (52,554 men, 63,442 women), 2,595 were diagnosed with incident hematologic cancer between 1997 and 2013. Extended Cox regression modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among all participants, ambient benzene was positively associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.33 per μg/m3) and T‐cell lymphoma (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08–1.53 per μg/m3). Among men, ambient benzene was also positively associated with any hematologic malignancy (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15 per μg/m3) and follicular lymphoma (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.09–1.50 per μg/m3). No significant associations were observed for women only, but associations were suggestive for MDS and T‐cell lymphoma. It is possible that the NATA ambient benzene estimates are a better proxy for benzene exposure for men than women in this cohort. The results of this study support an association between ambient benzene and risk of hematologic malignancies, particularly MDS, T‐cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. More research in large scale or pooled studies is needed to further explore these associations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Residential ambient benzene exposure in the United States and subsequent risk of hematologic malignancies

Teras

Diver

Deubler

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Health risks (cancer and non-cancer) associated with measured benzene by inhalation was determined according to the methodology described by Zhang and collaborators [32]. Daily exposure (E), the hazard quotient for non-hazard risk (HQ), and integrated lifetime cancer risks (ILTCR) were calculated using the following equations:…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Sources of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the Atmosphere of Two Urban Sites Located in Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico

Bretón

Ucan³

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

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Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, O 3 , NO x , CO, PM 2.5 and meteorological parameters were measured in urban air of two sites in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico during 2016-2017. Samples were collected using 1.5 h time intervals at three different sampling periods before being analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The highest concentrations of BTEX occurred during midday and afternoon in spring and summer seasons. Mean concentrations of, BTEX for the Cholul and SEDUMA sites, respectively, were 40.91 µg/m 3 and 32.86 µg/m 3 for benzene; 6.87 µg/m 3 and 3.29 µg/m 3 for toluene; 13.87 µg/m 3 and 8.29 µg/m 3 for p-xylene; and 6.23 µg/m 3 and 4.48 µg/m 3 for ethylbenzene. The toluene/benzene and xylene/ethylbenzene concentration ratios indicated that BTEX levels at both sites were influenced by local and fresh emissions (vehicular traffic). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to correlate BTEX concentrations with criteria air pollutants to infer their possible sources. Health risk assessment revealed that exposure to benzene exceeded the recommended value for the integrated lifetime cancer risk. These results suggest that Merida's population is exposed to cancer risk, and changes in the existing environmental policies should therefore be applied to improve air quality.

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“…Because aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (collectively BTEX), are a major class of toxic VOCs [80][81][82], with a wide occurrence and distribution in both indoor and outdoor environments, and in both urban and rural areas, particularly in developing countries [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90], BTEX were chosen as model toxic VOCs during our measurements of respiratory AFs. Another reason for choosing BTEX as our target VOC group is that humidity effects in breath samples can be ignored when measuring BTEX by PTR-TOF-MS, as previous studies have shown little humidity dependence on their sensitivity [91][92][93].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time monitoring of respiratory absorption factors of volatile organic compounds in ambient air by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Huang

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Ambient air benzene at background sites in China's most developed coastal regions: Exposure levels, source implications and health risks

Cited by 85 publications

References 53 publications

Residential ambient benzene exposure in the United States and subsequent risk of hematologic malignancies

Residential ambient benzene exposure in the United States and subsequent risk of hematologic malignancies

Characterization and Sources of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the Atmosphere of Two Urban Sites Located in Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico

Real-time monitoring of respiratory absorption factors of volatile organic compounds in ambient air by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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