Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene in Bangkok, Thailand during April-August in 2007

Laowagul, Wanna; Garivait, Hathairatana; Limpaseni, Wongpun; Yoshizumi, Kunio

doi:10.5572/ajae.2008.2.1.014

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The existence of m/z 60 and 73 in the emissions of Chinese cooking has been reported by He et al (2010). Combustion of pulverized coal for barbecue or hot pot rice is a potential additional source of these two ions (Wang et al, 2013). Additionally, the existence of transported m/z 60 and 73 indicates that SV-OOA at MK is potentially influenced by transported BBOA and coal combustion aerosol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…NO 2 is the result of direct emission as well as formation from NO, and it increased during daytime to reach a maximum even higher than that of NO at about 17:00. Concentrations of toluene (a fuel additive) and pentane and octane (significant components in exhaust of petrol vehicles; Wanna et al, 2008) start to increase during the morning rush hour (07:00) and peak between 18:00 and 19:00. HOA and NO x show a distinct morning peak at ∼ 08:00 when a small shoulder is also found in the VOCs.…”

Section: Hydrocarbon-like Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous measurements at the urban roadside in an Asian megacity by Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM): particulate matter characteristics during fall and winter seasons in Hong Kong

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Non-refractory submicron aerosol is characterized using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) in the fall and winter seasons of 2013 on the roadside in an Asian megacity environment in Hong Kong. Organic aerosol (OA), characterized by application of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), and sulfate are found to be dominant. Traffic-related organic aerosol shows good correlation with other vehicle-related species, and cooking aerosol displays clear mealtime concentration maxima and association with surface winds from restaurant areas. Contributions of individual species and OA factors to high NR-PM1 are analyzed for hourly data and daily data; while cooking emissions in OA contribute to high hourly concentrations, particularly during mealtimes, secondary organic aerosol components are responsible for episodic events and high day-to-day PM concentrations. Clean periods are either associated with precipitation, which reduces secondary OA with a lesser impact on primary organics, or clean oceanic air masses with reduced long-range transport and better dilution of local pollution. Haze events are connected with increases in contribution of secondary organic aerosol, from 30 to 50 % among total non-refractory organics, and the influence of continental air masses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Hydrocarbon-like Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous measurements at the urban roadside in an Asian megacity by Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM): particulate matter characteristics during fall and winter seasons in Hong Kong

et al. 2016

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“…The correlation graph (Figure 4) shows that toluene has the lowest correlations with all VOCs, particularly benzene, while there is a high correlation with the rest of the VOCs. Research works where the correlation between these compounds has been studied, report that high correlations between VOCs is indicative of similar emission sources, particularly mobile sources [40][41][42], as occurs for benzene, xylenes and ethylbenzene, together with the n-octane and nonane. those reported in other works [40][41][42].…”

Section: Exploratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research works where the correlation between these compounds has been studied, report that high correlations between VOCs is indicative of similar emission sources, particularly mobile sources [40][41][42], as occurs for benzene, xylenes and ethylbenzene, together with the n-octane and nonane. those reported in other works [40][41][42]. However, when analyzing the B/T ratio in detail, it was found that for the highest concentrations of both pollutants, the ratio increases.…”

Section: Exploratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of non-conventional pollutants (BTEX) in air by means of chemometrics techniques

Sánchez-Andica

Salas-Chávez

Páez-Melo

2023

Preprint

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In this work, chemometric and spatial interpolation methods were used to characterize non-conventional pollutants in the atmosphere of the city of Santiago de Cali (Colombia), The contaminants were monitored using passive diffusion samplers during two (2) periods (January to February and March to April) in two consecutive years before the pandemic (2020). None of the cases exceeded the concentration limits established by the National Air Quality Standard. The Cluster analysis allowed evidencing the existence of groups, which correspond to low, medium and high influence sites of the pollutants. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) led to gathered all the variables in two constituents: the first one (PC1) could be related as an indicator of pollutant mobile sources due to the similar contribution of pollutants, while the second one (PC2) as an indicator for punctual emissions of toluene, as it was the one that contributed the most. The performance of the spatial analysis drove to identify the downtown and north of the city as areas of high-influence of PC1, at the same time, a substantial decrease in its effects to the periphery, particularly towards the south. On the other hand, with the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) it was possible to observe the hot-spots of both PCs, particularly real estate construction areas and the downtown industrial sector of the city. Finally, it was found a cancer risk in downtown and north-eastern areas of the city, related to the exposure to benzene and ethylbenzene; observation that coincide in the area of incidence of PC1.

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“…Toluene had higher concentration than the others due to its stability and its estimated lifetime of 2 days, where it reacts with OH radicals 5 times [38]. Xylene and ethylbenzene are emitted by the same major sources, but they decay at different rates from OH-oxidation in the atmosphere [39].…”

Section: ) Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Formation Potential of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds at Roadside in Bangkok, Thailand

et al. 2021

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry due to their high reactivity—reacting photochemically with oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the presence of solar radiation forming tropospheric ozone (O3). Each VOC species have different effects on ozone formation according to the rates and pathways of their reactions. The objective of this study aims to examine ozone formation from the estimation of ozone formation potential (OFP). The observation of 29 VOCs species was carried out in the urban area near the roads of Bangkok, Thailand. Measurements were carried out during the dry season, from 16th February to 15th March, 2018. The air samples were analyzed using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results showed that toluene had the highest VOCs concentration followed by propane, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The average ratio of benzene to toluene (B/T) and toluene to benzene (T/B) indicate that both toluene and benzene emitted from industrial area and vehicular emission. Ratio of m/p-xylene to benzene (m/p-X/B) indicate that BTEX emitted far from the source. The ozone formation potential indicated that toluene was the main VOC contributing to the total ozone formation. High VOCs concentration in monitoring site was influenced by vehicular sources and the sea breeze brought the pollutants back to the land.

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Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene in Bangkok, Thailand during April-August in 2007

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Continuous measurements at the urban roadside in an Asian megacity by Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM): particulate matter characteristics during fall and winter seasons in Hong Kong

Continuous measurements at the urban roadside in an Asian megacity by Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM): particulate matter characteristics during fall and winter seasons in Hong Kong

Characterization of non-conventional pollutants (BTEX) in air by means of chemometrics techniques

Ozone Formation Potential of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds at Roadside in Bangkok, Thailand

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