Ambient Air Exposure to PCBs: Regulation and Monitoring at Five Contaminated Sites in EPA Regions 1, 2, 4, and 5

Basra, Komal; Benson, Eugene B; Heiger-Bernays, Wendy

doi:10.1177/1048291118763620

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Air as a source of PCB exposure was nearly completely ignored until a decade ago (Robertson and Ludewig, 2011). Indeed, recently much attention is paid to inhalation exposures to low chlorinated PCBs (Basra et al, 2018;Carpenter 2015;Lehmann et al, 2015;Marek et al, 2017). These exposures are clearly dependent on congener volatility related to boiling point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of congener-specific human PCB concentrations in a PCB-polluted region

Strémy

Šútova

Murínová

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Serum PCB congener concentrations were measured in 602 adults living near a PCB pollution source in eastern Slovakia. We created iso-concentration maps for 21 PCB congeners by geocoding each participant's place of residence and kriging. Concentrations of PCB congeners were inversely associated with the distance of the participants' residence from the source of pollution. Congener-specific risk factors were derived, particularly for PCBs 52 and 153. We observed that the spatial distribution of serum concentrations was influenced by micro-climatic parameters and physicochemical properties of the congeners. PCB congener profiles strongly correlated with that of the PCB commercial product Delor 106, which was manufactured in the region. The iso-concentration maps indicate that the zones with the highest predicted congener concentration have a mean area of approximately 235.75 ± 188.56 km 2 and the mean enrichment of concentration of congeners in serum in these zones is about 5.12 ± 1.36. We estimate that depending on congener approximately 23 457±18 762 individuals with PCB concentrations exceeding health-based guidance values live in these zones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of congener-specific human PCB concentrations in a PCB-polluted region

Strémy

Šútova

Murínová

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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“…A study of human post-mortem brain tissue found higher concentrations of PCB 95 in samples from patients with genetic NDDs associated with ASD as compared to neurotypical controls ( Mitchell et al, 2012 ). Contemporary human exposures occur predominantly through inhalation and diet ( Ravenscroft and Schell, 2018 ; Basra et al, 2018 ; Ampleman et al, 2015 ; Malisch and Kotz, 2014 ; Cimenci et al, 2013 ; Marin et al, 2011 ; Voorspoels et al, 2008 ; Baars et al, 2004 ), and PCBs readily cross the placenta and transfer into breast milk ( Needham et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sex, genotype, and dose on serum and hippocampal cytokine levels in juvenile mice developmentally exposed to a human-relevant mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls

Matelski

Stietz

Sethi

et al. 2020

Current Research in Toxicology

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are pervasive environmental contaminants implicated as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Immune dysregulation is another NDD risk factor, and developmental PCB exposures are associated with early life immune dysregulation. Studies of the immunomodulatory effects of PCBs have focused on the higher-chlorinated congeners found in legacy commercial mixtures. Comparatively little is known about the immune effects of contemporary, lower-chlorinated PCBs. This is a critical data gap given recent reports that lower-chlorinated congeners comprise >70% of the total PCB burden in serum of pregnant women enrolled in the MARBLES study who are at increased risk for having a child with an NDD. To examine the influence of PCBs, sex, and genotype on cytokine levels, mice were exposed throughout gestation and lactation to a PCB mixture in the maternal diet, which was based on the 12 most abundant PCBs in sera from MARBLES subjects. Using multiplex array, cytokines were quantified in the serum and hippocampus of weanling mice expressing either a human gain-of-function mutation in ryanodine receptor 1 (T4826I mice), a human CGG premutation repeat expansion in the fragile X mental retardation gene 1 (CGG mice), or both mutations (DM mice). Congenic wildtype (WT) mice were used as controls. There were dose-dependent effects of PCB exposure on cytokine concentrations in the serum but not hippocampus. Differential effects of genotype were observed in the serum and hippocampus. Hippocampal cytokines were consistently elevated in T4826I mice and also in WT animals for some cytokines compared to CGG and DM mice, while serum cytokines were usually elevated in the mutant genotypes compared to the WT group. Males had elevated levels of 19 cytokines in the serum and 4 in the hippocampus compared to females, but there were also interactions between sex and genotype for 7 hippocampal cytokines. Only the chemokine CCL5 in the serum showed an interaction between PCB dose, genotype, and sex. Collectively, these findings indicate differential influences of PCB exposure and genotype on cytokine levels in serum and hippocampal tissue of weanling mice. These results suggest that developmental PCB exposure has chronic effects on baseline serum, but not hippocampal, cytokine levels in juvenile mice.

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“…Reported TEQs are higher for PCBs from waste processing sites in Africa and Bangladesh . Average atmospheric PCB concentration at EW transect (14.8 ng/m 3 ) slightly exceeded the USEPA recommended inhalation unit risk health guideline . IT corridors yielded the highest PAH-TEQs, due to elevated concentration of three benzo PAHs (BbF, BkF and BgP) (SI Table S8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Average atmospheric PCB concentration at EW transect (14.8 ng/ m 3 ) slightly exceeded the USEPA recommended inhalation unit risk health guideline. 88 IT corridors yielded the highest PAH-TEQs, due to elevated concentration of three benzo PAHs (BbF, BkF and BgP) (SI Table S8). Maximum estimated daily intake of PCBs via inhalation was at least two fold higher in the EW transect over other transects (Table S9).…”

Section: Source Receptor Modeling and Intercity Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Air Sampling of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PAEs, DEHA, and PAHs from Informal Electronic Waste Recycling and Allied Sectors in Indian Megacities

Chakraborty

Gadhavi

Prithiviraj

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Xenobiotic chemical emissions from the informal electronic waste recycling (EW) sector are emerging problem for developing countries, with scale and impacts that are yet to be evaluated. We report an intensive polyurethane foam disk passive air sampling study in four megacities in India to investigate atmospheric organic pollutants along five transects viz., EW, information technology (IT), industrial, residential, and dumpsites. Intraurban emission sources were estimated and attributed by trajectory modeling and positive matrix factorization (PMF). ∑17PCDD/Fs, ∑25PCBs, ∑7plasticizers, and ∑15PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.1 to 26 pg/m3 (14 ± 7; Avg ± SD), 0.5–52 ng/m3 (9 ± 12); 7.5–520 ng/m3, (63 ± 107) and 6–33 ng/m3 (17 ± 6), respectively. EW contributed 45% of total PCB concentrations in this study and was evidenced as a major factor by PMF. The dominance of dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs), particularly PCB-126, reflects combustion as the possible primary emission source. PCDD/Fs, PCBs and plasticizers were consistently highest at EW transect, while PAHs were maximum in industrial transect followed by EW. Concentrations of marker plasticizers (DnBP and DEHP) released during EW activities were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Bangalore than in other cities. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) due to dl-PCBs was maximum in the EW transect and PCB-126 was the major contributor. For both youth and adult, the highest estimated inhalation risks for dl-PCBs and plasticizers were seen at the EW transect in Bangalore, followed by Chennai and New Delhi.

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Ambient Air Exposure to PCBs: Regulation and Monitoring at Five Contaminated Sites in EPA Regions 1, 2, 4, and 5

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

The spatial distribution of congener-specific human PCB concentrations in a PCB-polluted region

The spatial distribution of congener-specific human PCB concentrations in a PCB-polluted region

The influence of sex, genotype, and dose on serum and hippocampal cytokine levels in juvenile mice developmentally exposed to a human-relevant mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls

Passive Air Sampling of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PAEs, DEHA, and PAHs from Informal Electronic Waste Recycling and Allied Sectors in Indian Megacities

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