Ambient air pollutants: Collection, chemical characterization and mutagenicity testing

Hughes, Thomas J.; Pellizzari, Edo D.; Little, Linda W.; Sparacino, Charles; Kolber, Alan

doi:10.1016/0165-1110(80)90003-2

Cited by 95 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 124 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the amount of nano-sized particles measured in ambient air varies from relatively low (0.5-2 μg/m 3 ) (Hughes et al 1980 ) to signifi cantly high (54-137.5 μg/m 3 ) (Rao et al 2012 ), exposure to any such pollutants is thought to be of toxicological signifi cance. In addition to those ultrafi ne particles formed during manufacturing and combustion, many nano-sized particles are used to create products such as cosmetics, sunscreens, electronics, tyres and fuel cells (Oberdorster et al 2005 ).…”

Section: Exposure To Environmental-and Occupationalnanoparticles Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Nanoparticles in Medicine and Their Potential Application in Asthma

Tortorella

Karagiannis

2014

Molecular Mechanisms and Physiology of Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In an attempt to diagnose and treat highly complex and often heterogeneous diseases, research aims to utilise the modifi able properties of nano-sized particles. Properties such as size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and surface chemistry may be altered in order to facilitate and promote targeted cellular uptake. Following the fi rst FDA-approved nanotherapeutic in 1990, more than 40 have been marketed worldwide with multiple nano-based medicines currently in development. Despite promising results, translation from pre-clinical experimentation to a clinical setting has proven to be diffi cult. In theory, nanoparticles are designed to possess characteristics which address many of the challenges associated with current clinical practices, such as low toxicity, stability, biocompatibility, favourable distribution within target tissue, and benefi cial pharmacokinetic profi les. However, the complexity in the identifi cation of the ideal properties which result in such characteristics is inherent of any therapeutic research, especially one as novel and relatively progressive. The development of nanoparticles for localised and systemic delivery to the lung in the treatment of respiratory disease also shows great potential. Due to the highly effi cient clearance mechanisms in the lung, the ability for therapeutics to successfully deposit in the respiratory tract is a major challenge. Yet a correlation between exposure to environmentally and occupationally derived ultrafi ne (nano-sized) particles and respiratory disease has been established. By confi rming that ultrafi ne particles have the capacity to deposit in parts of the lower respiratory tract to elicit a response albeit toxic, such epidemiological studies provide rationale for the

show abstract

Section: Exposure To Environmental-and Occupationalnanoparticles Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Nanoparticles in Medicine and Their Potential Application in Asthma

Tortorella

Karagiannis

2014

Molecular Mechanisms and Physiology of Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A comprehensive review of the various methods used for mutagenicity testing and chemical analysis of ambient air pollutants has been given by Hughes and co-workers. 150 Factors important in interpreting mutagenicity data from airborne particles have been reviewed by Chrisp and Fisher. 28 A review on sampling and analysis of organic compounds in ambient air has been given by Lamb et al 151 Some of the major classes of compounds with genotoxic effects present in polluted air have been reviewed by M0ller and L0froth.…”

Section: A Ambient Air Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of microbial mutagens in complex samples—methodology and application

Alfheim¹,

Bjørseth²,

Møller³

et al. 1984

Critical Reviews in Environmental Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Parameters that are important for the interpretation of the results from such testing, such as methods for sampling and extraction and the influence of meteorological and topographical conditions, has recently been reviewed by Chrisp and Fisher (13). Results obtained with the Ames Salmonella test and other short-term tests for mutagenicity on air samples have been reviewed by Hughes et al (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassay of Extracts of Ambient Particulate Matter

Alfheim¹,

Lofroth²,

Moller³

1983

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic extracts from airborne particles collected at various sites in Scandinavia have been tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Extracts from particles in the respirable size fraction (diameter less than 3 R±m) were mutagenic with and without metabolic activation. The mutagenic activity varied from day to day, mainly due to variations in meteorological parameters, especially wind speed and atmospheric stability. A seasonal variation could also be observed, with the highest average values in winter time.Samples collected in urban areas were considerably more mutagenic than samples from background areas. The results suggest that exhaust from motor vehicles are the most important source of mutagenic particles in urban areas.Comparison of roof top samples with street level samples indicated that atmospheric reactions cause transformation of nonpolar compounds in the primary emission to more oxygenated mutagenic compounds. It is, however, not known to which degree this causes an overall increase of the mutagenic activity.The mutagenic activity of emissions from stationary combustion sources have also been studied, and residential heating by burning solid fuels in small combustion units have been shown to be a major contributor to mutagens in the environment.

show abstract

Ambient air pollutants: Collection, chemical characterization and mutagenicity testing

Cited by 95 publications

References 124 publications

The Significance of Nanoparticles in Medicine and Their Potential Application in Asthma

The Significance of Nanoparticles in Medicine and Their Potential Application in Asthma

Characterization of microbial mutagens in complex samples—methodology and application

Bioassay of Extracts of Ambient Particulate Matter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About