Ambient air pollution by aromatic hydrocarbons in Algiers

Kerbachi, Rabah; Boughedaoui, Ménouèr; Bounoua, Lahouari; Keddam, Malika

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.033

Cited by 103 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The average mass concentrations of benzene (6.2 µg m -3 ) and toluene (19 µg m -3 ) along the outer ring road show good agreement with the measurements at Nanjing in China (Wang and Zhao, 2008), Hong Kong (Ho et al, 2002), Quito in Ecuador (Gee and Sollars, 1998), Istanbul in Turkey (Demir et al, 2011) and Algiers in Algeria (Kerbachi et al, 2006). The average mass concentrations of benzene (20 µg m ) along the inner ring road show good agreement with measurements at Delhi (Srivastava et al, 2005;Hoque et al, 2008) and urban road sides in China (Wang et al, 2002).…”

Section: Comparison With International Datasupporting

confidence: 62%

Aromatic VOCs at Major Road Junctions of a Metropolis in India: Measurements Using TD-GC-FID and PTR-TOF-MS Instruments

Sahu

Pal

Yadav

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ambient mass concentrations of benzene and toluene were measured at 12 different road junctions of Ahmedabad city in India during the pre-monsoon season of year 2015. A Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (TD-GC-FID) technique was used for the analysis of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air samples. In each of both inner and outer ring roads, air samples were collected at 6 sites to investigate the spatial variation of benzene and toluene. The mass concentrations of benzene and toluene show strong site-to-site and day-to-day variations. The average mass concentration of benzene varied in the ranges of 11-35 µg m -3 and 4-12 µg m -3 along the inner and outer roads, respectively. The mass concentration of toluene varied in the ranges of 43-142 µg m -3 and 11-28 µg m -3 along the inner and outer roads, respectively. Overall, the mass concentrations of VOCs along the inner road were 3-5 times higher than those measured along the outer road.The mass concentrations of benzene and toluene show good correlation suggesting their common emission sources (mostly vehicular). However, the enhancement ratios of ∆Toluene/∆Benzene (~4.0 µg µg -1 ) along both the roads were higher than the typical ratios (1.5-3.5 µg µg -1 ) reported for vehicular emissions. The higher values of ∆Toluene/∆Benzene are due to the emissions of VOCs also from industrial and other non-traffic sources. During the daytime, the lower mass concentrations of VOCs and lower ∆Toluene/∆Benzene (~2 µg µg -1 ) indicate the role of photochemical aging. The combined diurnal trend of ∆Toluene/∆Benzene agrees well with that measured at central Ahmedabad using the proton-transfer-reaction time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS). However, compared to weekdays, the mass concentrations of VOCs show reduction and increase during the Sunday and Saturday, respectively. The mass concentration of VOCs and their ratio were towards the higher side of data reported for different urban sites of the world.

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Section: Comparison With International Datasupporting

confidence: 62%

Aromatic VOCs at Major Road Junctions of a Metropolis in India: Measurements Using TD-GC-FID and PTR-TOF-MS Instruments

Sahu

Pal

Yadav

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The emissions from automobile exhaust are the main sources of VOCs (Volatile organic compounds) emitted anthropogenically. Kerbachi et al (2006) reported that near heavy road traffic, mobile sources account for 75-85% of the aromatic VOCs emissions of which 70% is from automobile exhaust. During winter season dispersion and dilution of pollutants is restricted due to temperature inversion phenomenon and low mixing heights which causes accumulation of these organic compounds and hence, high levels of OC was observed.…”

Section: Concentration Of Carbonaceous Species In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Sources of Carbonaceous Aerosols in PM2.5 during Wintertime in Agra, India

Pachauri

Satsangi

Singla

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM 2.5 samples were collected at traffic, rural and campus sites in Agra during Nov 2010 to Feb 2011 and characterized for carbonaceous aerosols. The average mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were 308.3 ± 51.8 μg/m 3 , 91.2 ± 17.3 μg/m 3 and 140.8 ± 22.3 μg/m 3 at the traffic, rural and campus sites, respectively. The 24-h mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were significantly higher than the limit of 60 μg/m 3 prescribed in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Indian NAAQS) and 25 μg/m 3 of those of the WHO (World Health Organization). The average concentrations of OC (organic carbon) and EC (elemental carbon) were 86.1 ± 5.2 and 19.4 ± 2.4 at the traffic site, 30.3 ± 12.9 and 4.0 ± 1.5 at the rural site and 44.5 ± 18.5 μg/m 3 5.0 ± 1.4 μg/m 3 at the campus one. The contributions of TCA (Total Carbonaceous Aerosol) at the traffic, campus and rural sites were found to be 52, 54 and 58% of PM 2.5 mass, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between water soluble K + and OC at the rural (R 2 = 0.63) and campus (R 2 = 0.53) sites compared to the traffic one (R 2 = 0.35). This may be attributed to increased biomass burning emissions at the rural and campus sites. The concentrations of SOC (Secondary Organic Carbon) were estimated based on the minimum OC/EC ratio, and were found to be 15.3 ± 6.3, 8.2 ± 5.8 and 28.8 ± 15.8 μg/m 3 , accounting for 18, 24.7 and 60.7% of total OC at the traffic, rural and campus sites, respectively. The surface morphology of the particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The results indicated branched chain-like aggregates of carbon bearing spheres at the traffic and rural sites, while at the campus site carbon-rich and minerogenic (mineral dust) particles were the dominant ones.

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“…[1][2][3] As a result, many stations of air pollution measurement and control have been installed in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. 4 -6 Vehicle pollutant emissions constitute not only a problem of air quality in big cities such as Algiers, [7][8][9][10] but also a source of a constant growing greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly in developing countries. [11][12][13][14][15] Thus, unit emission factors of each vehicle category become crucial for all new policies of road transportation, traffic management, and any use of air quality models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Board Emission Measurement of High-Loaded Light-Duty Vehicles in Algeria

Boughedaoui

Kerbachi

Joumard

2008

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A sample of eight private gasoline and diesel conventional light-duty vehicles (LDVs) in use with various ages, carrying a load of 460 kg, were tested on a representative trip in the traffic flow of the city of Blida to obtain emission factors representing the actual use conditions of Algerian LDVs. The gas sampling system (mini-constant volume sampling) as well as the analyzers are carried on-board the vehicle. Around 55 tests were conducted during 3 months covering more than 480 km under various real driving conditions. The mean speed downtown is about 16

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Ambient air pollution by aromatic hydrocarbons in Algiers

Cited by 103 publications

References 28 publications

Aromatic VOCs at Major Road Junctions of a Metropolis in India: Measurements Using TD-GC-FID and PTR-TOF-MS Instruments

Aromatic VOCs at Major Road Junctions of a Metropolis in India: Measurements Using TD-GC-FID and PTR-TOF-MS Instruments

Characteristics and Sources of Carbonaceous Aerosols in PM2.5 during Wintertime in Agra, India

On-Board Emission Measurement of High-Loaded Light-Duty Vehicles in Algeria

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