Ambient carbon monoxide exposure and elevated risk of mortality in the glioblastoma patients: A double‐cohort retrospective observational study

Abstract

An increasing number of studies indicate air pollutants infiltrate into the brain. We aimed to find the association of cumulative air pollution exposure in the main body of primary brain tumor: glioblastoma (GBM). In this double‐cohort, retrospective analysis study with a protocol, we compared the health effect of air pollution on the GBM patients from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program) in 27 U.S. counties from 10 states and GBM patients of Severance cohort of Korea. From 2000 to 2015, 10621 GBM patients of the SEER were individually evaluated for the cumulative average exposure for each pollutant, and 9444 (88.9%) mortality events were reported. From 2011 to 2018, 398 GBM patients of the Severance with the same protocol showed 259 (65.1%) mortality events. The multi‐pollutant models show that the association level of risk with CO is increased in the SEER (HR 1.252; 95% CI 1.141‐1.373) with an increasing linear trend of relative death rate in the spline curve. The Severance GBM data showed such a statistically significant result of the health impact of CO on GBM patients. The overall survival gain of the less exposure group against CO was 2 and 3 months in the two cohorts. Perioperative exposure to CO may increase the risk of shorter survival of GBM patients of the SEER and the Severance cohort.

Air pollution is associated with faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease

“…Second, we included patients only if their residential addresses were located within 15 km of air monitoring stations. While such an inclusion criterion has been found appropriate for other diseases, 22 dementia may need further examination to identify disease‐related optimal distance. Further evaluation using satellite‐based air pollutant measurement data would be required.…”

“…We calculated patient exposure to air pollutants using publicly available Air Korea (http://www.airkorea.or.kr, Korea Environment Corporation) data. Monitoring station‐wise data sets were converted to patient‐wise data sets using a previously reported algorithm 22 . Briefly, we extracted the monitoring station closest to each patient's residential address from the Air Korea dataset.…”

“…Monitoring station‐wise data sets were converted to patient‐wise data sets using a previously reported algorithm. 22 Briefly, we extracted the monitoring station closest to each patient's residential address from the Air Korea dataset. PM 2.5 measurements were not available for 18 patients, who were therefore excluded from all statistical analyses for PM 2.5 .…”

Tissue Niche Miniature of Glioblastoma Patient Treated with Nano‐Awakeners to Induce Suicide of Cancer Stem Cells

“…The treatment efficacy of the early anticancer drug temozolomide (TMZ) after surgery was determined by plotting the Kaplan–Meier curve using the survival package (version 3.2–13) and the ggpubr package (version 0.4.0). [ 10,26 ] Clinical cohort data were used from the TMZ perspective. Patients without any medical history in the electronic medical record system were excluded from analysis.…”

Impact of carbon monoxide on neural activation during a reaction time task

“…Whilst several studies focus on effects of acute, high levels of CO in human populations exists (Eichhorn et al, 2018), there is limited research available on low-level CO inhalation, with most evidence emerging from studies that are observational in nature (Yoon et al, 2020).…”