Ambient mineral particles in the small airways of the normal human lung

Churg, Andrew; Bräuer, Michael; Vedal, Sverre; Stevens, Bonnie

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<39::aid-jem6>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For each case, airway mucosa, defined as all tissues between the cartilage and the lumen, was microdissected from mainstem, segmental, and subsegmental bronchi, as well as carinas of these airways, and in some cases from MBs. Details of the dissection procedure have been published elsewhere (Churg et al 1999). The tissues were then dissolved in bleach and the particles were collected and examined in an analytical electron microscope as previously described (Churg et al 1999 Statistics.…”

Section: Chronic Exposure To High Levels Of Particulate Air Pollutionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Details of the dissection procedure have been published elsewhere (Churg et al 1999). The tissues were then dissolved in bleach and the particles were collected and examined in an analytical electron microscope as previously described (Churg et al 1999 Statistics. Amounts of fibrous tissue and muscle were compared between specimens from Mexico City and Vancouver, and also between men and women in the Vancouver cases, by one-way analysis of variance using SYSTAT (Systat Inc., Evanston, IL, USA).…”

Section: Chronic Exposure To High Levels Of Particulate Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chronic exposure to high levels of particulate air pollution and small airway remodeling.

Churg

Bräuer

Ávila-Casado

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

205

111

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Recent evidence suggests that chronic exposure to high levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with decreased pulmonary function and the development of chronic airflow obstruction. To investigate the possible role of PM-induced abnormalities in the small airways in these functional changes, we examined histologic sections from the lungs of 20 women from Mexico City, a high PM locale. All subjects were lifelong residents of Mexico City, were never-smokers, never had occupational dust exposure, and never used biomass fuel for cooking. Twenty neversmoking, non-dust-exposed subjects from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, a low PM region, were used as a control. By light microscopy, abnormal small airways with fibrotic walls and excess muscle, many containing visible dust, were present in the Mexico City lungs. Formal grading analysis confirmed the presence of significantly greater amounts of fibrous tissue and muscle in the walls of the airways in the Mexico City compared with the Vancouver lungs. Electron microscopic particle burden measurements on four cases from Mexico City showed that carbonaceous aggregates of ultrafine particles, aggregates likely to be combustion products, were present in the airway mucosa. We conclude that PM penetrates into and is retained in the walls of small airways, and that, even in nonsmokers, long-term exposure to high levels of ambient particulate pollutants is associated with small airway remodeling. This process may produce chronic airflow obstruction.

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Section: Chronic Exposure To High Levels Of Particulate Air Pollutionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Chronic Exposure To High Levels Of Particulate Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chronic exposure to high levels of particulate air pollution and small airway remodeling.

Churg

Bräuer

Ávila-Casado

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

205

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They may progress to clinically significant disease status (15). Analytical electron microscopic studies by Churg and colleagues (23) have revealed that the concentration of particles in respiratory bronchioles can be 25-100 times greater than the concentration of particles in the mainstem bronchus (23). This finding is in keeping with our own observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Particulate Matter and Tissue Remodeling in the Human Lung

Pinkerton¹,

Green²,

Saiki³

et al. 2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…The respiratory region is a significant target of inhaled particles with aerodynamic diameters below 10 mm (8). Peaks in particulate air pollution are associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cardiorespiratory disease (9,10); in vivo studies suggest that there may be translocation of nano-sized particles into the circulation possibly due to epithelial uptake (11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Immortalization of Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells to Investigate Nanoparticle Uptake

Kemp

Thorley

Gorelik

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

133

117

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Primary human alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells were immortalized by transduction with the catalytic subunit of telomerase and simian virus 40 large-tumor antigen. Characterization by immunochemical and morphologic methods demonstrated an AT1-like cell phenotype. Unlike primary AT2 cells, immortalized cells no longer expressed alkaline phosphatase, pro-surfactant protein C, and thyroid transcription factor-1, but expressed increased caveolin-1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Live cell imaging using scanning ion conductance microscopy showed that the cuboidal primary AT2 cells were approximately 15 mm and enriched with surface microvilli, while the immortal AT1 cells were attenuated more than 40 mm, resembling these cells in situ. Transmission electron microscopy highlighted the attenuated morphology and showed endosomal vesicles in some immortal AT1 cells (but not primary AT2 cells) as found in situ. Particulate air pollution exacerbates cardiopulmonary disease. Interaction of ultrafine, nano-sized particles with the alveolar epithelium and/or translocation into the cardiovasculature may be a contributory factor. We hypothesized differential uptake of nanoparticles by AT1 and AT2 cells, depending on particle size and surface charge. Uptake of 50-nm and 1-mm fluorescent latex particles was investigated using confocal microscopy and scanning surface confocal microscopy of live cells. Fewer than 10% of primary AT2 cells internalized particles. In contrast, 75% immortal AT1 cells internalized negatively charged particles, while less than 55% of these cells internalized positively charged particles; charge, rather than size, mattered. The process was rapid: one-third of the total cellassociated negatively charged 50-nm particle fluorescence measured at 24 hours was internalized during the first hour. AT1 cells could be important in translocation of particles from the lung into the circulation.

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Ambient mineral particles in the small airways of the normal human lung

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Chronic exposure to high levels of particulate air pollution and small airway remodeling.

Chronic exposure to high levels of particulate air pollution and small airway remodeling.

Distribution of Particulate Matter and Tissue Remodeling in the Human Lung

Immortalization of Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells to Investigate Nanoparticle Uptake

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