Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities

Liu, Cong; Chen, Renjie; Sera, Francesco; Vicedo‐Cabrera, Ana M.; Guo, Yuming; Tong, Shilu; Coelho, Micheline S.Z.S.; Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento; Lavigne, Éric; Correa, Patricia Matus; Ortega, Nicolás Valdés; Garcia, Samuel Osorio; Pascal, Mathilde; Stafoggia, Massimo; Scortichini, Matteo; Hashizume, Masahiro; Honda, Yasushi; Hurtado-Díaz, Magali; Cruz, Julio C.; Nunes, Baltazar; Teixeira, João Paulo; Kim, Ho; Tobías, Aurelio; Íñiguez, Carmen; Forsberg, Bertil; Åström, Christofer; Ragettli, Martina S.; Guo, Yujun; Chen, Bing‐Yu; Bell, Michelle L.; Wright, Caradee Y.; Scovronick, Noah; Garland, R. M.; Milojevic, Ai; Kyselý, Jan; Urban, Aleš; Orru, Hans; Indermitte, Ene; Jaakkola, Jouni J. K.; Ryti, Niilo; Katsouyanni, Klea; Analitis, Antonis; Zanobetti, Antonella; Schwartz, Joel; Chen, Jianmin; Wu, Tangchun; Cohen, Aarón; Gasparrini, Antonio; Kan, Haidong

doi:10.1056/nejmoa1817364

Cited by 1,204 publications

(692 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Such an increase in daily PM 2•5 concentration is estimated to induce an increase of at least 5•6% in daily all-cause mortality, 4•5% in cardiovascular mortality, and 6•1% in respiratory mortality, according to our global study from 2011, which included Sydney. 6 These estimates are close to a previous observation on the effects of bushfire events between 1997 and 2004, in Sydney. 7 In addition to its fatal effects, bushfire smoke has also been related to increased risks of hospitalisation and emergency department visits due to respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory infections.…”

Section: Bushfires In Australia: a Serious Health Emergency Under CLIsupporting

confidence: 87%

Bushfires in Australia: a serious health emergency under climate change

Pei

Abramson

et al. 2020

The Lancet Planetary Health

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159

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Section: Bushfires In Australia: a Serious Health Emergency Under CLIsupporting

confidence: 87%

Bushfires in Australia: a serious health emergency under climate change

Pei

Abramson

et al. 2020

The Lancet Planetary Health

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159

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“…In addition, as a highly reactive exogeneous oxidant, NO 2 can induce inflammation and enhance oxidative stress, generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which may eventually deteriorate the cardiovascular and immune systems 37,38 . The impact of long-term exposure to PM 2.5 on excess morbidity and mortality has also been well-established [4][5]8 . An early unpublished report that explored the impacts of air pollution on mortality found that 1 μ g/m 3 PM 2.5 was associated with 8% increase in COVID-19 mortality rates in the USA 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Environmental factors, such as urban air pollution, may play an important role in increasing susceptibility to severe outcomes of COVID-19. The impact of ambient air pollution on excess morbidity and mortality has been well-established over several decades [4][5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States

Liang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:The novel human coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has claimed more than 240,000 lives worldwide, causing tremendous public health, social, and economic damages. While the risk factors of COVID-19 are still under investigation, environmental factors, such as urban air pollution, may play an important role in increasing population susceptibility to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide study using zero-inflated negative binomial models to estimate the association between long-term (2010-2016) county-level exposures to NO 2 , PM 2.5 and O 3 and county-level COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the US. We used both single and multipollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level healthcare capacity, phase-of-epidemic, population mobility, sociodemographic, socioeconomic status, behavior risk factors, and meteorological factors.Results: 1,027,799 COVID-19 cases and 58,489 deaths were reported in 3,122 US counties from January 22, 2020 to April 29, 2020, with an overall observed case-fatality rate of 5.8%. Spatial variations were observed for both COVID-19 death outcomes and long-term ambient air pollutant levels. County-level average NO 2 concentrations were positively associated with both COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate in single-, bi-, and tri-pollutant models (p-values<0.05). Per inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in NO 2 (4.6 ppb), COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate were associated with an increase of 7.1% (95% CI 1.2% to 13.4%) and 11.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 19.5%), respectively. We did not observe significant associations between long-term exposures to PM 2.5 or O 3 and COVID-19 death outcomes (p-values>0.05), although per IQR increase in PM 2.5 (3.4 ug/m 3 ) was marginally associated with 10.8% (95% CI: -1.1% to 24.1%) increase in COVID-19 mortality rate. Discussions and Conclusions:Long-term exposure to NO 2 , which largely arises from urban combustion sources such as traffic, may enhance susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes, independent of longterm PM 2.5 and O 3 exposure. The results support targeted public health actions to protect residents from COVID-19 in heavily polluted regions with historically high NO 2 levels. Moreover, continuation of current efforts to lower traffic emissions and ambient air pollution levels may be an important component of reducing population-level risk of COVID-19 deaths.

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“…Liang L et al analysed the association between dairy SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , CO, PM 10 and PM 2.5 and hospitalisations for acute exacerbation of COPD in Beijing from 2013 to 2017 and the results indicated that exposure-response association of NO 2 with COPD cases was linear, while the SO 2 , CO, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were nonlinear, no significance was found in O 3 with COPD incidence [43]. Liu C et al investigated the air pollution and daily mortality in 652 cities, the results demonstrated that exposure-response association of PM 2.5 with mortality was non-linear [26]. However, till now, the exposure-response of associations of air pollutants and some certain diseases are not well consistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between ambient air pollution and daily incidence of pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease in Ningbo, 2014–2016: a distributed lag nonlinear model

Lü

et al. 2020

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has high prevalence around the world, with serious consequences for children. Due to the long survival period of HFMD virus in ambient air, air pollutants may play a critical role in HFMD epidemics. We collected data on daily cases of HFMD among children aged 0–14 years in Ningbo City between 2014 and 2016. Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to assess the effects of particulate matter (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) on the daily incidence of HFMD among children, with analyses stratified by gender and age. Compared with moderate levels of air pollution, high SO2 levels had a relative risk (RR) of 2.32 (95% CI 1.42–3.79) and high NO2 levels had a RR of 2.01 (95% CI 1.22–3.31). The RR of O3 was 2.12 (95% CI 1.47–3.05) and that of PM2.5 was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64–0.92) at moderate levels of air pollution. Specifically, high levels of SO2 and NO2 had RRs of 2.39 (95% CI 1.44–3.96) and 2.02 (95% CI 1.21–3.39), respectively, among 0–4-year-old children, while high O3 had an RR of 2.31 (95% CI 1.09–4.89) among 5–14-year-old children. Our findings suggest significant associations of high SO2 and NO2 levels and moderate O3 levels in HFMD epidemics, and also indicate that air pollution causes lagged effects on HFMD epidemics. Our study provides practical and useful data for targeted prevention and control of HMFD based on environmental evidence.

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Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities

Cited by 1,204 publications

References 24 publications

Bushfires in Australia: a serious health emergency under climate change

Bushfires in Australia: a serious health emergency under climate change

Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States

Associations between ambient air pollution and daily incidence of pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease in Ningbo, 2014–2016: a distributed lag nonlinear model

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