Ambient pollution and respiratory outcomes among schoolchildren in Durban, South Africa

Naidoo, Rajen N.; Robins, Thomas G.; Batterman, Stuart; Mentz, Graciela; Jack, Christopher

doi:10.7196/sajch.598

Cited by 53 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This work is based on an ongoing study in communities in the highly industrialized south Durban area in South Africa [14,15,21] in which occupational health experts investigate the various effects of exposure to indoor air pollution on pregnant mothers and children.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ontology for Proactive Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring and Control

Adeleke

Moodley

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Research Conference on South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologi

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Proactive monitoring and control of indoor air quality in homes where there are pregnant mothers and infants is essential for healthy development and well-being of children.This is especially true in low income households where cooking practices and exposure to harmful pollutants produced by nearby industries can negatively impact on a healthy home environment. Interdisciplinary expert knowledge is required to make sense of dynamic and complex environmental phenomena from multivariate low level sensor observations and high level human activities to detect health risks and enact decisions about control. We have developed an ontology for indoor environmental quality monitoring and control based on an ongoing real world case study in Durban, South Africa. We implemented an Indoor Air Quality Index and a thermal comfort index which can be automatically determined by reasoning on the ontology. We evaluated the ontology by populating it with test sensor data and showing how it can be queried to analyze health risk situations and determine control actions. Our evaluation shows that the ontology can be used for real world indoor monitoring and control applications in resource constrained settings.

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Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ontology for Proactive Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring and Control

Adeleke

Moodley

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Research Conference on South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologi

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“…Details of these measurements and the quality assurance program are reported elsewhere. 20 Genotyping and analysis of plasma CD14 concentration All genotyping assays were conducted by a researcher who was blind to child ID and disease status. Genomic DNA was extracted using a PUREGENE DNA isolation kit (Gentra, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA).…”

Section: Environmental Monitoring Of Ambient Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between ambient pollutant exposure, CD14 (-159) polymorphism and respiratory outcomes among children in Kwazulu-Natal, Durban

et al. 2016

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The objective of this study was to determine if the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxde (NO2), nitrous oxide (NO), and PM10, and variation in lung function measures was modified by genotype. A validated questionnaire was administered to 71 African children to evaluate prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Atopy was evaluated by skin-prick testing and bihourly measures of lung function (spirometry) were collected. Gaseous air pollutant concentrations were monitored continuously. CD14 polymorphism was genotyped and plasma CD14 levels were measured. There was no statistically significant association between the CD14 (159) CT+TT polymorphism with any asthma-related phenotype. There was a significant association between lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second intraday variability) and NO2 and NO among participants carrying the CD14 CT/TT genotype for lags 1, 2, and the 5-day average. Similarly, statistically significant gene–pollutant interactions ( p < 0.05) were found with NO and CD14 CT/TT at lag 2 and for the 5-day average. While there was no association with any respiratory phenotype (as determined by symptoms), the CD14 CT/TT genotype appeared to be protective to increased exposure to NO2 and NO.

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“…[14][15][16][17][18] Although a few personal PM exposure studies exist in cities of developing countries, 19,20 the great majority of exposure studies are from rural areas, and assessed the role of household cooking and heating as a source of exposure. To the best of our knowledge, only rural exposure studies exist in sub-Saharan Africa 21,22 or studies that have measured school pollution but not personal exposure, 23,24 despite the fact that the urban population in this region is growing faster than any other in the world. 25 In this paper, we report personal PM 2.5 exposures of students in four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Personal particulate matter exposures and locations of students in four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana

Arku

Dionisio

Hughes

et al. 2014

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Air pollution exposure and places where the exposures occur may differ in cities in the developing world compared with high-income countries. Our aim was to measure personal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure of students in neighborhoods of varying socioeconomic status in Accra, Ghana, and to quantify the main predictors of exposure. We measured 24-hour PM2.5 exposure of 56 students from eight schools in four neighborhoods. PM2.5 was measured both gravimetrically and continuously, with time-matched global positioning system coordinates. We collected data on determinants of exposure, such as distances of homes and schools from main roads and fuel used for cooking at their home or in the area of residence/school. The association of PM2.5 exposure with sources was estimated using linear mixed-effects models. Personal PM2.5 exposures ranged from less than 10 μg/m(3) to more than 150 μg/m(3) (mean 56 μg/m(3)). Girls had higher exposure than boys (67 vs 44 μg/m(3); P-value=0.001). Exposure was inversely associated with distance of home or school to main roads, but the associations were not statistically significant in the multivariate model. Use of biomass fuels in the area where the school was located was also associated with higher exposure, as was household's own biomass use. Paved schoolyard surface was associated with lower exposure. School locations in relation to major roads, materials of school ground surfaces, and biomass use in the area around schools may be important determinants of air pollution exposure.

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Ambient pollution and respiratory outcomes among schoolchildren in Durban, South Africa

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

An Ontology for Proactive Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring and Control

An Ontology for Proactive Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring and Control

Interaction between ambient pollutant exposure, CD14 (-159) polymorphism and respiratory outcomes among children in Kwazulu-Natal, Durban

Personal particulate matter exposures and locations of students in four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana

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