Ambient temperature and mortality due to acute myocardial infarction in Brazil: an ecological study of time-series analyses

Abstract

Ambient temperature may lead to decompensation of cardiovascular diseases and deaths by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Little is known about this relationship in South American countries located in regions of a hot climate. This study aims to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on mortality due to AMI in six Brazilian micro-regions, which present different climates. We analyzed daily records of deaths by AMI between 1996 and 2013. We estimated the accumulate relative and attributable risks with lags of up to 14 days, using distributed non-linear lag model. Micro-regions that were closest to the equator did not show an association between temperature and mortality. The lowest risk temperatures varied between 22 °C and 28 °C, in the Southern region of Brazil and the Midwest region, respectively. Low temperatures associated with the highest mortality risk were observed in the same areas, varying between 5 °C and 15 °C. The number of deaths attributed to cold temperatures varied from 176/year in Brasilia to 661/year in São Paulo and those deaths attributed to hot temperatures in Rio de Janeiro amounted to 115/year. We showed the relative risk and the attributable risk of warmer and colder days in tropical regions. The estimate of the number of deaths due to climate, varying according to each area, is a way of bringing information to those responsible for health policies based on easily-understood measurements.

Association between winter cold spells and acute myocardial infarction in Lithuania 2000–2015

“…However, no studies have comprehensively analyzed the impacts of extremely cold weather for AMI in the Baltic States. Most previous studies have focused on fatal AMI 14 , 15 , 21 – 23 , and fewer studies have used nonfatal AMI as the outcome 14 , 24 . To our knowledge, there are no studies comparing fatal and nonfatal AMI during cold weather, and such a comparison would be difficult to make in retrospect from separate studies due to comparability issues.…”

The Association between Air Temperature and Mortality in Two Brazilian Health Regions

“…Cold temperatures increase the risk of death for circulatory and respiratory diseases (ICD10 I and J), and the cerebrovascular group (ICD10 I 60-69). Hot temperatures, in turn, increased the risk of death for cardiovascular diseases (ICD10 I 20-25) [30].…”

“…Temperature extremes increase the risk of cardiovascular deaths, which in turn may be affected by several associated factors, including geographic features such as location within the same territory (country) or even within the municipality itself [30,31], as well as an individual's occupation where extensive urbanization areas can create heat islands. Moreover, specific population groups, such as the elderly, may be affected in different ways and have different adaptive responses to temperature extremes [30][31][32][33].…”

“…Understanding these impacts in tropical and subtropical countries, such as Brazil, is a challenge that increases due to climate change. Thus, it is essential to build scientific evidence that can guide and give more robust public policies to meet this new challenge [27,30].…”

Reference Gene Selection for Analyzing the Transcription Patterns of Two Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase Genes From Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

“…To date, studies about reference gene selection in mealybug species were all concentrated in Ph. solenopsis ( Arya et al 2017 , Singh et al 2019 , Zheng et al 2019 ) but none concentrated in P. marginatus . We carried out the experiments to clone, identified the FAR genes from P. marginatus , and then found a set of suitable reference genes across all developmental stages.…”