Ambient temperature influences the neural benefits of exercise

Maynard, Mark E.; Chung, Chasity; Comer, Ashley; Nelson, Katelyn N.; Tran, Jamie; Werries, Nadja; Barton, Emily A.; Spinetta, Michael J.; Leasure, J. Leigh

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.017

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the result needs to be confirmed in the future with additional experiments to be conducted. Nonetheless, strategies to prevent LBP for marathoners should consider appropriate competition for the race based on environmental temperature [49,50]. Athletes should acclimate to the running environment, especially the temperature if possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners

Bao

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Pain Research and Management

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Purpose. The occurrence of low back pain (LBP) in marathon runners has been poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the risk factors and identify whether these factors can cause LBP in these athletes. Methods. A self-developed questionnaire was randomly distributed to 850 runners of running a half or a full marathon. Participants responded with the questionnaire focusing on previous training and running conditions after their competitions. Results. On the basis of the remaining 800 valid questionnaires, the incidence of LBP was 4.50% (n = 36). A total of 572 (71.5%) males and 228 (28.5%) females, with an average age range of 33.9 ± 9.0 years, came from different occupations with different physical activity characteristics. However, no significant associations between occupation and runners with LBP ( p > 0.05 ) were found. In the final models, risk factors, including warm-up activities ( p = 0.012 , OR = 2.617), fatigue (p = 0.008, OR = 2.680), running gait posture ( p = 0.041 , OR = 2.273), and environmental temperature ( p = 0.020 , OR = 6.584), were significantly associated with LBP in marathoners. Conclusion. Although LBP was uncommon in marathoners, it was linked to the factors such as insufficient warm-up activities, fatigue, poor running gait posture, and uncomfortable environmental temperature. Future studies need to validate these results. Nevertheless, these findings could still be useful for protecting the lower back area of runners clinically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners

Bao

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Pain Research and Management

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“…Taken together, these data raise the question of whether exercise would be even more beneficial for the brain if performed in the cold, as this would prevent the increase in brain temperature that normally occurs during exercise at room or hot temperatures. We recently addressed this question by examining the effects ofexercise at different ambient temperatures on hippocampal neurogenesis 46 . Of the many neural benefits of exercise, enhanced neurogenesis is of particular interest because it is associated with enhanced cognition 47 , 48 , whereas decreased neurogenesis (which occurs, for example, due to brain aging or in the case of radiation therapy for brain cancer) has been linked to cognitive impairment 49 - 51 .…”

Section: Ambient Temperature Influences Brain Exercise Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Brain Benefits of Exercise Be Enhanced Without Additional Exercise?

Leasure

West

2016

J Neurol Neuromedicine

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Exercise is increasingly becoming accepted as "medicine" for diseases of both brain and body 1 . For the brain, exercise offers chemical, cellular and structural benefits, including enhanced generation of new neurons, glia and blood vessels 2-5 , increased expression of neurotrophins (such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 6,7 ), dendritic remodeling 8,9 and stabilization of stress responses 10 and inflammatory signaling 11 . These mechanisms of action directly counteract those present in disease states. For example, the depressed brain is characterized by decreased synaptic plasticity, hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF 12 , all of which can be reversed by exercise. Why is it Important to Study How Brain Exercise Benefits can be Enhanced?While a great deal is known about how exercise benefits the brain, there are several reasons why research is needed on how to reap those benefits with minimal exercise time. First, most people do not exercise much. Research-based guidelines for weekly physical activity for various age groups have been proffered by many public health agencies, including the World Health Organization 13 . While these help to raise global awareness of the importance of exercise for the maintenance of health, most people do not meet minimum guidelines. For example, among Americans, only about 20% of adults, and 27% of adolescents meet the minimum exercise recommendation for their respective age groups 14 . One of the most commonly stated barriers to physical activity is a lack of time 15 , prompting studies of highintensity, short duration exercise regimens, which may offer benefits similar to those of much longer duration 16 . High intensity exercise may work for healthy people, but another barrier to exercise is physical disability. For example, deconditioning and paresis often occur 19 . Therefore, discovering ways to enhance the effectiveness of exercise would be of great benefit for motor intervention strategies for TBI. Finally, there is a delayed onset of many brain exercise benefits, such as increased neurogenesis, for which 2 weeks of exercise is necessary, or enhanced synaptic efficacy, for which 8 weeks is necessary 20 . This is an important consideration for exercise-based treatments for brain injury, as it would be advantageous to time exercise-driven neuroplasticity to occur within therapeutic windows of opportunity following injury. Thus, there are multiple situations in which it would be advantageous to increase the brain benefits of exercise, without increasing exercise time. HHS Public Access The Volume and Type of Exercise Influence its Neural BenefitsBrain exercise benefits translate into cognitive improvements, particularly in populations that experience cognitive decline, such as the aged 21,22 . Much attention has been given to studying what volume (total amount, taking into account intensity, frequency, duration and longevity of exertion) of exercise yields maximum cognitive effects. While some studies indicate that there are cognitive benefits incurred by acute b...

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“…The prevention of exercise-induced hyperthermia by running in a cold environment or the use of a pharmacological approach could potentially improve exercise capacity and endurance (Nybo, 2012;Fonseca et al, 2014), as well as increase the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive performance and neurogenesis (Lee et al, 2014;Maynard et al, 2015). After the cessation of exercise, thermoregulatory responses, including an increase in heat loss via cutaneous vasodilation and sweating, need to be activated to offset the hyperthermia induced by exercise (Kenny and McGinn, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Exposure After Exercise Impedes the Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Thermoregulation and UCP4 Expression in an MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Mouse Model

et al. 2020

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Moderate exercise and mild hypothermia have protective effects against brain injury and neurodegeneration. Running in a cold environment alters exercise-induced hyperthermia and outcomes; however, evaluations of post-exercise cold exposure related to exercise benefits for the brain are relatively rare. We investigated the effects of 4 • C cold exposure after exercise on exercise-induced thermal responses and neuroprotection in an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with MPTP for five consecutive days and follow-up treadmill exercise for 4 weeks. After 1-h running at a 22 • C temperature, the mice were exposed to a 4 • C environment for 2 h. An MPTP injection induced a transient drop in body and brain temperatures, while mild brain hypothermia was found to last for 4 weeks after MPTP treatment. Preventing brain hypothermia by exercise or 4 • C exposure was associated with an improvement in MPTP-induced striatal uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) downregulation and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. However, 4 • C exposure after exercise abrogated the exerciseinduced beneficial effects and thermal responses in MPTP-treated mice, including a low amplitude of exercise-induced brain hyperthermia and body temperature while at rest after exercise. Our findings elucidate that post-exercise thermoregulation and UCP4 expression are important in the neuroprotective effects of exercise against MPTP toxicity.

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Ambient temperature influences the neural benefits of exercise

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners

Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners

Can the Brain Benefits of Exercise Be Enhanced Without Additional Exercise?

Cold Exposure After Exercise Impedes the Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Thermoregulation and UCP4 Expression in an MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Mouse Model

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