Ambient temperature light-off for automobile emission control

Lafyatis, David S.; Ansell, G.P.; Bennett, Steven; Frost, J. C.; Millington, Paul; Rajaram, Raj R.; Walker, Andrew P.; Ballinger, Todd H.

doi:10.1016/s0926-3373(98)00032-0

Cited by 103 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These tests incorporate various strategies to assess catalyst performance during different modes of operation such as cold start and transient operation [3,4,5]. In addition to engine testing chassis dynamometer tests are used to ensure that vehicle fleets meet the relevant emission regulation requirements by using simulated drive cycles [6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Characterisation of a Range of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts: Effect of Pt:Pd Ratio on Light Off Behaviour and Nitrogen Species Formation

Glover

Douglas

McCullough

et al. 2011

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Characterisation of a Range of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts: Effect of Pt:Pd Ratio on Light Off Behaviour and Nitrogen Species Formation

Glover

Douglas

McCullough

et al. 2011

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Considerable amounts of pollutants in automobile emissions are generated within the first 5 min after starting the engine when the temperature of the catalytic converter is not high enough for efficient conversion to occur [16,36]. The conversion efficiency of commercial catalytic converters declines very steeply at temperatures below 350°C and is practically zero during the starting and warming-up periods [37].…”

Section: Low-temperature Oxidation Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, all of these cold-start solutions benefit further through the application of improved catalyst technology (so-called lowlight-off catalysts) which allows the catalyst to operate at lower temperatures and with leaner starting engines (with the exception of EGI). These engines provide an exhaust with less unburnt HCs and more oxygen at start-up [36].…”

Section: Future Directions and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A practical strategy to rapidly elevate the catalyst's temperature in the start-up period is to oxidise CO quickly and heat the catalyst using the heat released from this reaction [36]. As mentioned above, Au catalysts have excellent low-temperature activity in the oxidation of CO.…”

Section: Future Directions and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some HCs are capable of strongly inhibiting this oxidation process [57]. A novel technology combining a HCs trapping system and ambient temperature CO oxidation has shown an excellent performance in the cold-start engine emission treatment using a Pd-Pt catalyst [36]. It can be assumed that such a combined technology is also feasible for Au catalytic systems.…”

Section: Future Directions and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold, an alternative to platinum group metals in automobile catalytic converters

et al. 2011

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Catalytic convertors based on the use of platinum, palladium and rhodium play a major role in the cleaning of automobile emissions. Gold, when dispersed as nano-sized particles, has demonstrated significant activity in the conversion of toxic components, including carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, in engine emissions and some advantages over the platinum group metals. Some research outcomes on the application of nano-sized gold for the conversion of these components are reviewed. Several key issues in relation to its performance and applicability in catalytic convertors such as low-temperature activity and thermal stability and the possibilities of substituting platinum group metals for automobile emission control with gold are discussed.

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Designing a fast‐igniting catalytic converter system

2001

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Through analysis and numerical simulation, the late lightoff ; 3 min of the current automobile catalytic con®erter is attributed to a downstream ignition phenomenon that is unstable to flow-rate fluctuations. A design is proposed which incorporates a stable and thermally efficient leading-edge ignition. The key feature in®ol®es di®erting a small portion of exhaust gas through a bypass stream, which contains an electric preheater and a preigniter, during startup. This allows the preheater to utilize a low power input using the existing battery and yet raise the gas temperature beyond a precise minimum that rapidly lights off the entire preigniter. The hot preigniter is then used to light off the main catalytic con®erter. Remo®al of the bypass after complete ignition preser®es the preigniter catalyst, a major ad®antage. The optimal design is shown to lightoff within 10 s and reduce pollution by almost 90% o®er current designs and thus meet ultra low ( ) emission ®ehicle ULEV standards.

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Ambient temperature light-off for automobile emission control

Cited by 103 publications

References 2 publications

Performance Characterisation of a Range of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts: Effect of Pt:Pd Ratio on Light Off Behaviour and Nitrogen Species Formation

Performance Characterisation of a Range of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts: Effect of Pt:Pd Ratio on Light Off Behaviour and Nitrogen Species Formation

Gold, an alternative to platinum group metals in automobile catalytic converters

Designing a fast‐igniting catalytic converter system

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