In Arabidopsis, the circadian clock allows the plant to coordinate daily external signals with internal processes, conferring enhanced fitness and growth vigor. Although external cues such as temperature can entrain the clock, an important feature of the clock is the ability to maintain a relatively constant period over a range of physiological temperatures; this ability is referred to as "temperature compensation." However, how temperature actually is perceived and integrated into the clock molecular circuitry remains largely unknown. In an effort to identify additional regulators of the circadian clock, including putative components that could modulate the clock response to changes in environmental signals, we identified in a previous large-scale screen a transcription factor that interacts with and regulates the promoter activity of a core clock gene. In this report, we characterized this transcription factor, FLOWERING BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 1 (FBH1) that binds in vivo to the promoter of the key clock gene CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and regulates its expression. We found that upon temperature changes, overexpression of FBH1 alters the pace of CCA1 expression by causing a period shortening and thus preventing the clock from buffering against this change in temperature. Furthermore, as is consistent with the current mechanistic model of feedback loops observed in the clock regulatory network, we also determined that CCA1 binds in vivo to the FBH1 promoter and regulates its expression. Together these results establish a role for FBH1 as a transcriptional modulator of warm temperature signals and clock responses in Arabidopsis.T o adapt better to the daily and seasonal environmental changes, most organisms have an internal timekeeping mechanism known as the "circadian clock." The clock is a self-sustaining machinery that enables organisms to anticipate external fluctuations and in turn coordinate important physiological and developmental processes to occur at optimal times during the day, enhancing fitness (1, 2). In Arabidopsis, the clock consists of a complex network of interlocked regulatory feedback loops between multiple components (3-6). Synchronization of these components with external cues reinforces robust rhythms and allows the clock to coordinate efficiently the regulation of numerous biological outputs such as photosynthesis, photoperiodic flowering, hormone levels, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses (1,3,(7)(8)(9). Key players in this interconnected network are the transcriptional components CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), two Myb-domain transcription factors, and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1). These three components, CCA1, LHY, and TOC1, form the core regulatory framework of the Arabidopsis circadian clock; their activity consists of transcriptional repression of each other and direct temporal regulation of most other clock components throughout the day (9-11).Integration and synchronization of environmental signals such as light and te...