Ambient ultrafine particle (PM0.1): Sources, characteristics, measurements and exposure implications on human health

Abdillah, Sultan F I; Wang, Ya-Fen

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.115061

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…PM is already known to be associated with increased mortality and morbidity 28 , and its characteristics, including concentration (measured here), size distribution, and composition (not measured here), seem to determine the extent of the health impact 29 . Particles with a diameter <10 μm can go deep into human lungs or even into the bloodstream, exacerbating respiratory and cardiovascular diseases 30 , 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Particle emissions from heated tobacco products

Zervas,

Matsouki,

Tsipa

et al. 2024

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION This study determines the particle emissions from five heated tobacco products (HTPs). METHODS An aethalometer is used for the determination of black carbon (BC) and an aerosol monitor for total particulate matter (PM) concentration and also PM fractions (1, 2.5, 4, and 10 μm) in the mainstream emissions of 5 HTPs: IQOS, LIL, PULZE, ILUMA, and GLO. Fifteen different flavors were used, five sticks per flavor, which were smoked using a peristaltic pump under both ISO and Canadian smoking regimes. The method repeatability was determined using 15 sticks of one flavor for each brand for each smoking regime. RESULTS All HTPs emit particles, and more than 99.7% of the particles emitted are smaller than 1 μm. Both BC and PM emissions show quite low repeatability. Particle emissions increase in relation to the heating temperature and the intensity smoking regime, and are depending on the flavor used. BC corresponds to a small percentage of total PM. CONCLUSIONS Although HTPs are promoted as products of reduced risk compared to conventional cigarettes, high particle concentrations are detected in their emissions, depending on the smoking regime, the flavor used, and the operation parameters. PM emissions vary significantly between different brands under the ISO smoking regime, probably due to the heating temperature. In contrast, PM emissions under the Canadian smoking regime do not vary significantly between different brands. This could probably be attributed to the fact that increased puff frequency does not allow the device to cool down between puffs, resulting in an increase in PM emissions for all the brands, but not dependent on the maximum heating temperature of the device. BC emissions only consist of a very small fraction of PM and do not vary significantly between different brands under both smoking regimes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Particle emissions from heated tobacco products

Zervas,

Matsouki,

Tsipa

et al. 2024

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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“…The simulated results of source-specific UFP concentrations lay the foundation for the design of UFP control measures. Third, extensive long-term residential indoor UFP concentration monitoring is currently unavailable because the measuring instruments, such as the condensation particle counter (CPC), diffusion size classifier (DiSC), scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS), and electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI), are too expensive for widespread use. , However, low-cost sensors for measuring the mass concentrations of PM 1 and PM 2.5 have been developed, , which are also important for the UFP number concentrations. In recent years, some potentially low-cost UFP sensors have been introduced, including the micro aerosol sensor, miniature polydisperse aerosol sensor, microelectromechanical (MEMS) particle detection system, miniature electrical ultrafine particle sizer (mini-eUPS) prototype, bipolar ion source sensor, ionization sensor, integrated electrical condensation particle counter, and modified MEMS-based integrated sensor (Table S21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Emissions Contributed the Majority of Ultrafine Particles in Chinese Urban Residences

Chen,

Zhao

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ultrafine particle (UFP) pollution should be controlled to reduce its effects on health. The design of control measures is limited owing to the uncertainty of source contributions in Chinese residences, where indoor UFP pollution is more severe than in Western residences. Herein, a sourcespecific, time-dependent UFP concentration model was developed by applying an infiltration factor model incorporating coagulation effects. A Monte Carlo framework with the UFP concentration model was employed to estimate the probabilistic distribution of source contributions in Chinese residences. The input parameter distributions were determined based on our survey and previous studies. The annually averaged indoor UFP concentration was estimated at (2.75 ± 1.71) × 10 4 #/cm 3 , ranging from 2.35 × 10 3 to 1.27 × 10 5 #/cm 3 outside the kitchen, and at (5.48 ± 3.08) × 10 4 #/cm 3 , ranging from 2.90 × 10 3 to 1.94 × 10 5 #/cm 3 in the kitchen. Indoor sources contributed more to indoor UFPs, accounting for 61% in the nonkitchen and 80% in the kitchen, surpassing their contribution to indoor PM 2.5 in Chinese residences. Meanwhile, the indoor UFP emission contributions were higher than those in the United States, Canada, and Germany, owing to higher emissions from cooking and cigarette smoking. These results will aid in elucidating human exposure to UFPs and in designing more targeted control measures.

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“…PMs are classified according to their particle diameters, such as PM 10 (diameter less than 10 μm), PM 2.5 (diameter 2.5 to 10 μm), and PM 0.1 (also known as uf-UPs, diameter less than 0.1 μm), and are considered harmful factors affecting health as they can induce various pathologies, including cardiovascular toxicity, pulmonary diseases, hematological aberration, cutaneous inflammation, and metabolic syndrome [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Although uf-UPs are less well known than PM 2.5 and PM 10, recent studies have shown that uf-UPs pose a more serious danger to human health because they can be translocated into the bloodstream, spread to other organs, and have thus been positively associated with COPD, cardiovascular diseases, congestive heart failure, preterm birth, asthma, and acute myocardial infarction [ 37 ]. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment are required to reduce the health risks of exposure to uf-UPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loliolide in Sargassum horneri Alleviates Ultrafine Urban Particulate Matter (PM 0.1)-Induced Inflammation in Human RPE Cells

Lee,

Jang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Owing to increasing air pollution due to industrial development, fine dust has been associated with threatening public health. In particular, ultrafine urban particulate matter (uf-UP, PM 0.1) can easily enter our bodies, causing inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of hydrothermal extracts of Sargassum horneri and its bioactive compound, loliolide, on uf-UP-induced inflammation as a potential treatment strategy for retinal disorders. Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) stimulated with TNF-α or uf-UPs were treated with S. horneri extract and loliolide. S. horneri extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on uf-UP-induced inflammation without cell toxicity through downregulating the mRNA expression of MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α. UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis confirmed that the hydrothermal extract of S. horneri contained loliolide, which has anti-inflammatory effects. Loliolide effectively reduced the mRNA expression and production of proinflammatory chemokines (IL-8) and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) by downregulating the MAPK/NF-ĸB signaling pathway on TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory ARPE-19 cells. These effects were further confirmed in inflammatory ARPE-19 cells after stimulation with uf-UPs. Collectively, these results suggested the application of S. horneri as a functional ingredient for treating ocular disorders caused by particular matters.

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Ambient ultrafine particle (PM0.1): Sources, characteristics, measurements and exposure implications on human health

Cited by 37 publications

References 148 publications

Particle emissions from heated tobacco products

Particle emissions from heated tobacco products

Indoor Emissions Contributed the Majority of Ultrafine Particles in Chinese Urban Residences

Loliolide in Sargassum horneri Alleviates Ultrafine Urban Particulate Matter (PM 0.1)-Induced Inflammation in Human RPE Cells

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