“…Such claims drew on and resonated with emplaced Himalayan cosmologies in which nonhuman entities-particularly rivers, mountains, and animals-are sentient subjects with agency who maintain intersubjective relationships with humans and gods (Aiyadurai, 2021;Drew, 2017;Gergan, 2017;Mathur, 2016). Indeed, some of these entities are simultaneously divine and natural; for example, the riverine flows of the Ganga are recognized as the material instantiation of the goddess Ganga.…”