Amblyopia: A review of unmet needs, current treatment options, and emerging therapies

Quoc, E. Bui; Kulp, Marjean Taylor; Burns, James G.; Thompson, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.01.001

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Therefore, in recent years, investigation into more effective treatments for human amblyopia has shifted focus away from traditional patching or penalizing the dominant eye to stimulate recovery ( Koo et al, 2017 ). Emerging therapies investigated in humans aim to overcome the issues with monocular therapy through engaging and binocular-based approaches (reviewed in Levi, 2020 ; Bui Quoc et al, 2023 ). Some of the additional motivation to pursue binocular treatments has been recognition that the fellow eye is not “normal” and that there are significant binocular deficits that cannot be explained by monocular loss in acuity alone ( Murphy et al, 2015 ; Meier and Giaschi, 2017 ; Birch et al, 2019c ).…”

Section: Amblyopia and Its Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human deprivation amblyopia: treatment insights from animal models

Duffy,

Bear,

Patel

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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Amblyopia is a common visual impairment that develops during the early years of postnatal life. It emerges as a sequela to eye misalignment, an imbalanced refractive state, or obstruction to form vision. All of these conditions prevent normal vision and derail the typical development of neural connections within the visual system. Among the subtypes of amblyopia, the most debilitating and recalcitrant to treatment is deprivation amblyopia. Nevertheless, human studies focused on advancing the standard of care for amblyopia have largely avoided recruitment of patients with this rare but severe impairment subtype. In this review, we delineate characteristics of deprivation amblyopia and underscore the critical need for new and more effective therapy. Animal models offer a unique opportunity to address this unmet need by enabling the development of unconventional and potent amblyopia therapies that cannot be pioneered in humans. Insights derived from studies using animal models are discussed as potential therapeutic innovations for the remediation of deprivation amblyopia. Retinal inactivation is highlighted as an emerging therapy that exhibits efficacy against the effects of monocular deprivation at ages when conventional therapy is ineffective, and recovery occurs without apparent detriment to the treated eye.

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Section: Amblyopia and Its Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human deprivation amblyopia: treatment insights from animal models

Duffy,

Bear,

Patel

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Amblyopia is defined as a unilateral or bilateral reduction of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the absence of organic ocular pathology [ 1 – 4 ]. The clinical definition for amblyopia is BCVA of 2 or more lines of acuity difference between eyes [ 3 , 4 ]. Additionally, diagnosis typically requires the presence of associated amblyogenic risk factors such as high refractive error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical characterisation of holographic diffusers and Bangerter foils for treatment of amblyopia

Hellis,

Martin,

Sheehan

et al. 2023

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Amblyopia is a significant issue for children worldwide, and current treatment methods have drawbacks that can hinder treatment effectiveness and/or patient experience. This study proposes a new treatment method using holographic diffusers while also comparing their optical characteristics to a current treatment method (Bangerter foils). Holographic diffusers were developed by optically patterning thin polymer layers on a micron scale. Two compositions of photopolymer (acrylamide and diacetone acrylamide based) are analysed herein. Characterisation shows that holographic diffusers of either composition can achieve a wide range of on-axis intensity reductions, allowing for precise and customisable treatment levels by altering recording exposure time in a low-cost and durable manner.

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“…Noninferiority to patching therapy has been shown in couple of studies; however, we are still lacking long-term follow-up data. [ 10 ] A summary of the current available treatment modalities for amblyopia in children is shown in Table 1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, amblyopia treatment trials for older children and young adults are always a valid option, especially if there is no prior treatment history. [ 10 ]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Amblyopia update: What we know and what can we do?

Al-Kalbani,

Al-Farsi

2024

Oman Journal of Ophthalmology

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Amblyopia: A review of unmet needs, current treatment options, and emerging therapies

Cited by 9 publications

References 169 publications

Human deprivation amblyopia: treatment insights from animal models

Human deprivation amblyopia: treatment insights from animal models

Optical characterisation of holographic diffusers and Bangerter foils for treatment of amblyopia

Amblyopia update: What we know and what can we do?

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