Ambulatory assessment for physical activity research: State of the science, best practices and future directions

Reichert, Markus; Giurgiu, Marco; Koch, Elena D.; Wieland, Lena M.; Lautenbach, Sven; Neubauer, Andreas; Haaren‐Mack, Birte von; Schilling, Renè; Timm, Irina; Notthoff, Nanna; Marzi, Isabel; Hill, Holger; Brüßler, Sarah; Eckert, Tobias; Fiedler, Janis; Burchartz, Alexander; Anedda, Bastian; Wunsch, Kathrin; Gerber, Markus; Jekauc, Darko; Wöll, Alexander; Dunton, Genevieve F.; Kanning, Martina; Nigg, Claudio R.; Ebner‐Priemer, Ulrich W.; Liao, Yue

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101742

Cited by 100 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The term “ambulatory assessment” is an umbrella term covering a wide range of methods with the aim of studying an individual's real-life processes and gathering data on behavioral, biological, and physiological levels ( 70 , 71 ). This way, several challenges related to traditional methods relying on retrospective self-reports (e.g., interviews and questionnaires) are bypassed, and consequences of physical activity as they unfold in daily life and in the individuals' natural setting can be uncovered ( 71 ). “Ambulatory assessment” thus does not only cover ambulatory movement assessments (i.e., walking), but it also contains an assessment of physiological and environmental parameters using sensors (e.g., accelerometers, geolocation tracking), paper-and-pen diaries, or electronic diaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paving the Way Toward Distinguishing Fallers From Non-fallers in Bilateral Vestibulopathy: A Wide Pilot Observation

et al. 2021

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Patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) present with unsteadiness during standing and walking, limiting their activities of daily life and, more importantly, resulting in an increased risk of falling. In BVP patients, falls are considered as one of the major complications, with patients having a 31-fold increased risk of falling compared to healthy subjects. Thus, highlighting objective measures that can easily and accurately assess the risk of falling in BVP patients is an important step in reducing the incidence of falls and the accompanying burdens. Therefore, this study investigated the interrelations between demographic characteristics, vestibular function, questionnaires on self-perceived handicap and balance confidence, clinical balance measures, gait variables, and fall status in 27 BVP patients. Based on the history of falls in the preceding 12 months, the patients were subdivided in a “faller” or “non-faller” group. Results on the different outcome measures were compared between the “faller” and “non-faller” subgroups using Pearson's chi-square test in the case of categorical data; for continuous data, Mann–Whitney U test was used. Performances on the clinical balance measures were comparable between fallers and non-fallers, indicating that, independent from fall status, the BVP patients present with an increased risk of falling. However, fallers tended to report a worse self-perceived handicap and confidence during performing activities of daily life. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait did not differ between fallers and non-fallers during walking at slow, preferred, or fast walking speed. These results may thus imply that, when aiming to distinguish fallers from non-fallers, the BVP patients' beliefs concerning their capabilities may be more important than the moderately or severely affected physical performance within a clinical setting. Outcome measures addressing the self-efficacy and fear of falling in BVP patients should therefore be incorporated in future research to investigate whether these are indeed able to distinguish fallers form non-fallers. Additionally, information regarding physical activity could provide valuable insights on the contextual information influencing behavior and falls in BVP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This way, retrospective biases can be minimized as data can be assessed near real time. We refer to Reichert et al ( 71 ) for a comprehensive overview.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the Way Toward Distinguishing Fallers From Non-fallers in Bilateral Vestibulopathy: A Wide Pilot Observation

et al. 2021

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“…regular/last week/month PA recall via questionnaire or measured PA during a defined time via accelerometry) [59]. Furthermore, the earliest study included in the reviews was published in 1997 and the complexity and capacity of sensors evolved rapidly since that time [60], allowing for more precise measurements and the combination of PA data with physiological parameters like heartrate or blood sugar [61]. This potential influence of different sensors on intervention effectiveness however, has not been considered in the reviews.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of E/mhealth Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key facets to build up eHealth and mHealth interventions to enhance physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutrition in healthy subjects – an umbrella review

et al. 2020

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Background Electronic (eHealth) and mobile (mHealth) health interventions can provide a large coverage, and are promising tools to change health behavior (i.e. physical activity, sedentary behavior and healthy eating). However, the determinants of intervention effectiveness in primary prevention has not been explored yet. Therefore, the objectives of this umbrella review were to evaluate intervention effectiveness, to explore the impact of pre-defined determinants of effectiveness (i.e. theoretical foundations, behavior change techniques, social contexts or just-in-time adaptive interventions), and to provide recommendations for future research and practice in the field of primary prevention delivered via e/mHealth technology. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (reviews) published between January 1990 and May 2020. Reviews reporting on e/mHealth behavior change interventions in physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or healthy eating for healthy subjects (i.e. subjects without physical or physiological morbidities which would influence the realization of behaviors targeted by the respective interventions) were included if they also investigated respective theoretical foundations, behavior change techniques, social contexts or just-in-time adaptive interventions. Included studies were ranked concerning their methodological quality and qualitatively synthesized. Results The systematic search revealed 11 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of moderate quality. The majority of original research studies within the reviews found e/mHealth interventions to be effective, but the results showed a high heterogeneity concerning assessment methods and outcomes, making them difficult to compare. Whereas theoretical foundation and behavior change techniques were suggested to be potential positive determinants of effective interventions, the impact of social context remains unclear. None of the reviews included just-in-time adaptive interventions. Conclusion Findings of this umbrella review support the use of e/mHealth to enhance physical activity and healthy eating and reduce sedentary behavior. The general lack of precise reporting and comparison of confounding variables in reviews and original research studies as well as the limited number of reviews for each health behavior constrains the generalization and interpretation of results. Further research is needed on study-level to investigate effects of versatile determinants of e/mHealth efficiency, using a theoretical foundation and additionally explore the impact of social contexts and more sophisticated approaches like just-in-time adaptive interventions. Trial registration The protocol for this umbrella review was a priori registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020147902.

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“…Furthermore, it is crucial to use standardized reporting to enhance the comparability of the data (e.g., for future meta-analyses) [ 60 ]. Finally, self-reported measures can offer additional contextual information of PA in a timely manner by using e.g., ecological momentary assessments [ 17 , 61 ] to further refine our understanding of PA and may lay the foundation for personalized intervention approaches as with just-in-time adaptive interventions [ 10 ] in the future.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Self-Reported and Device-Based Measured Physical Activity Using Measures of Stability, Reliability, and Validity in Adults and Children

Fiedler

Eckert

Burchartz

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Quantification of physical activity (PA) depends on the type of measurement and analysis method making it difficult to compare adherence to PA guidelines. Therefore, test-retest reliability, validity, and stability for self-reported (i.e., questionnaire and diary) and device-based measured (i.e., accelerometry with 10/60 s epochs) PA was compared in 32 adults and 32 children from the SMARTFAMILY study to examine if differences in these measurement tools are systematic. PA was collected during two separate measurement weeks and the relationship for each quality criteria was analyzed using Spearman correlation. Results showed the highest PA values for questionnaires followed by 10-s and 60-s epochs measured by accelerometers. Levels of PA were lowest when measured by diary. Only accelerometry demonstrated reliable, valid, and stable results for the two measurement weeks, the questionnaire yielded mixed results and the diary showed only a few significant correlations. Overall, higher correlations for the quality criteria were found for moderate than for vigorous PA and the results differed between children and adults. Since the differences were not found to be systematic, the choice of measurement tools should be carefully considered by anyone working with PA outcomes, especially if vigorous PA is the parameter of interest.

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Ambulatory assessment for physical activity research: State of the science, best practices and future directions

Cited by 100 publications

References 114 publications

Paving the Way Toward Distinguishing Fallers From Non-fallers in Bilateral Vestibulopathy: A Wide Pilot Observation

Paving the Way Toward Distinguishing Fallers From Non-fallers in Bilateral Vestibulopathy: A Wide Pilot Observation

Key facets to build up eHealth and mHealth interventions to enhance physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutrition in healthy subjects – an umbrella review

Comparison of Self-Reported and Device-Based Measured Physical Activity Using Measures of Stability, Reliability, and Validity in Adults and Children

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