Ameliorating effect of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin on pesticide-induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Abstract

Endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon are widely used pesticides. Subchronic exposure to these contaminants commonly affects the central nervous system, immune, gastrointestinal, renal, and reproductive system. There effects have been attributed to increased oxidative stress. This study was conducted to examine the role of oxidative stress in genotoxicity following pesticide exposure using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. Further possible attenuation of genotoxicity was studied using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and curcumin as known modulators of oxidative stress. Cultured mononuclear cells was isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, and exposed to varying concentrations of different pesticides: endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon for 6, 12, and 24 h. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level and DNA damage was quantified by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) using ELISA. Both MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with these pesticides. There was a significant decrease in MDA and 8-OH-dG levels in PBMC when co-treated with NAC or/and curcumin as compared to pesticide alone. These results indicate that pesticide-induced oxidative stress is probably responsible for the DNA damage, and NAC or curcumin attenuate this effect by counteracting the oxidative stress.

In VitroEffects of the Organochlorine Pesticide β-Hexachlorocyclohexane on Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

“…7 days) may impair the metabolic activity of PBMCs by the increase of free radicals thereby altering the oxidative status of the cell. This hypothesis is partially confirmed by others (Lowy et al, 1977;Bagchi and Stohs, 1993;Ahmed et al, 2011) who reported that several pesticides including Lindane ( -HCH) induce an intracellular increase of reactive oxygen species.…”

Ameliorative effects of N-acetylcysteine on fluoride-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in male rats’ testis

“…Some animal researches showed that NAC could prevent postischaemic reperfusion injury in hepatic tissue, CCl4 -induced liver damage and brain intoxication induced by propionic acid (PPA) by reducing DNA damage and oxidative stress [46][47][48]. Moreover recent human studies implied that NAC could attenuate pesticide-induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and age-related increases in genetic damage in human T lymphocytes, in vitro and ex vivo [49,50]. Thus, we hypothesized that NAC may act as an antidote of fluorosis through the same mechanism of reducing oxidative stress and DNA damage.…”

Effects of endosulfan on hepatoma cell adhesion: Epithelial–mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance

“…This OCP is one of the most toxic pesticides currently on the market and is responsible for a large number of poisoning-related deaths (Moses and Peter, 2010). In animals, it is toxic to the liver, kidney, nervous system, blood system, immune system and reproductive organs (Hashizume et al, 2010;Karatas et al, 2006;Ahmed et al, 2011;Merhi et al, 2010;Briz et al, 2011;Chan et al, 2006;Choudhary et al, 2003;Aggarwal et al, 2008). Due to the risk of adverse effects on human health, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified endosulfan as a moderately hazardous Class 2 pesticide while the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considered it as "highly acutely toxic" (Category I).…”