Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on gastric dysrhythmia, delayed emptying, and impaired accommodation in diabetic rats

Yin, Jieyun; Chen, Jie; Chen, Jiande D.Z.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00252.2009

Cited by 94 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…EA reduced high sympathetic nerve activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (45). In animal models and humans with gastrointestinal motility disorders, EA was shown to increase vagal activity and reduce sympathovagal balance (34,40,48). On the basis of these previous findings, a possible autonomic mechanism is hypothesized: EA improves vagal activity and suppresses sympathetic activity, leading to a reduction in free fatty acid and improvement in insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Yin

Kuang

Chandalia

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The aim of this study was to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Both wild-type (WT) and adipose ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) transgenic (TG) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk; for each mouse, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed with or without EA at abdomen or auricular areas. A high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in both WT and TG mice. In the WT mice, EA at 3 Hz and 15 Hz, but not at 1 Hz or 100 Hz, via CV4ϩCV12 significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels; EA at 3 Hz was most potent. The glucose level was reduced by 61.7% at 60 min and 74.5% at 120 min with EA at 3 Hz (all P Ͻ 0.001 vs. control). Similar hypoglycemic effect was noted in the TG mice. On the contrary, EA at auricular points increased postprandial glucose level (P Ͻ 0.03). 4). EA at 3 Hz via CV4ϩCV12 significantly enhanced the decrease of blood glucose after insulin injection, suggesting improvement of insulin sensitivity. Plasma free fatty acid was significantly suppressed by 42.5% at 15 min and 50.8% at 30 min with EA (P Ͻ 0.01) in both WT and TG mice. EA improves glucose tolerance in both WT and TG mice fed a high-fat diet, and the effect is associated with stimulation parameters and acupoints and is probably attributed to the reduction of free fatty acid. electroacupuncture; insulin resistance; glucose; vagal activity; free fatty acid DIABETES AFFECTS ABOUT 8.3% of Americans with an estimated total cost of over $174 billion (3). In addition, about 79 million American adults have prediabetes (3) and about 34% of American adults have metabolic syndrome (14). Insulin resistance is one of the major contributing factors for diabetes, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is virtually always associated with insulin resistance (16). Insulin resistance increases with weight gain and decreases with weight loss (44), indicating that fat accumulation is not only associated with but, in fact, causes insulin resistance (5). In addition, insulin resistance is known to be attributed to elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) (6). Elevated plasma FFA and intracellular lipid inhibit insulin signaling, leading to a reduction in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose transport (13,27). The resulting suppression of muscle glucose transport leads to reduced muscle glycogen synthesis and glycosis.Obese patients with insulin resistance have been reported to have increased adipose tissue ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) (17). ENPP1 modulates insulin action by physical interaction with the ␣-subunit of the insulin receptor and inhibition of ␤-subunit activation (20,24,36). In the transgenic model, previous studies elucidated that ENPP1 overexpression in insulin-sensitive tissues (liver, muscle, and brain) plays a role in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, suggesting an important animal model to investigate insulin resistance. Recently, one stud...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Yin

Kuang

Chandalia

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…More Met-enkphalin was released with EA at 2 Hz, whereas, more dynorphin was released with EA at 100 Hz (8,16). In GI motility studies, the commonly used stimulation frequency for EA ranged from 10 to 25 Hz: EA at 10 Hz/25 Hz was found to increase gastric motility in rats (17,52,53), and EA at 25 Hz accelerated liquid gastric emptying and enhanced antral contractions in dogs (7,34). In this study, EA was performed at 25 Hz, and the findings were consistent with previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

Yin

Chen

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Yin J, Chen JD. Electroacupuncture improves rectal distensioninduced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R465-R472, 2011. First published May 18, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2010.-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on rectal distension (RD)-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Gastric emptying of solids was assessed in 12 dogs chronically implanted with a duodenal cannula by collecting samples at different time points from the cannula and measuring the dried weights of the samples. Bethanechol and atropine were used to qualitatively validate the method. In separate experiments, gastric emptying of solids was measured in a number of sessions: control, RD, RD ϩ sham-EA, RD ϩ EA of 6 mA, RD ϩ EA of 3 mA, and RD ϩ EA ϩ naloxone. The method of gastric emptying by collecting and drying gastric chyme from the duodenal cannula was found to be accurate and reliable. Using the method, we found gastric emptying to be accelerated with bethanechol (70.01 Ϯ 8.10% vs. 82.61 Ϯ 4.15%, P ϭ 0.04, vs. control) and delayed with atropine (4.31 Ϯ 1.57%, P Ͻ 0.001, vs. control). RD substantially and significantly delayed gastric emptying. EA, but not sham-EA, attenuated delayed gastric emptying induced by RD (sham-EA: 48.79 Ϯ 9.47% vs. EA: 74.28 Ϯ 5.96%, P Ͻ 0.01). The effect was more potent with EA of 6 mA than EA of 3 mA and blocked by naloxone. EA is able to attenuate RD-induced delay in gastric emptying of solids, and this ameliorating effect may be mediated via the opioid pathway. EA may have a therapeutic potential for treating delayed gastric emptying attributed to lower gut distension. gastrointestinal motility; acupuncture; gastroparesis; constipation PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC, IDIOPATHIC, slow-transit constipation and constipation-dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) frequently complain of upper abdominal symptoms, such as bloating, upper abdominal discomfort or pain, and vomiting. These symptoms are related to the presence of reduced motor activities attributed to impaired gastric antral contractions and myoelectrical activity, and delayed gastric emptying, as well as slow small bowel transit (1,3,14,38). The abnormality of upper gastrointestinal motility may be related to fecal stasis in the rectum or colon, causing reflexive inhibition (5,11,20,54). Rectal (balloon) distension (RD) mimicking fecal or gas stasis in the colorectal region is one of constipation models commonly used in the study of upper gastrointestinal motor activity. A number of studies have reported that RD impairs gastric myoelectrical activities, gastric tone, and gastric accommodation; reduces antral contractions; delays gastric emptying, and inhibits small-intestine motility in dogs and humans (1,2,7,11,21,39,54).Clinically, there are overlapping symptoms between functional dyspepsia and IBS-C (12, 44). Currently, there is a lack of effective medications for treating both upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Acupuncture i...

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“…EA at ST36 restored rectal distentioninduced impairment in gastric slow waves in dogs and increased the spikes in rabbits. [35][36][37] EA at ST36 improved the percentage of normal gastric slow waves as well as the percentage of tachygastria in healthy volunteers. 38 Liu et al 21 reported that 2-week TEA at ST36 decreased dyspepsia symptoms and elevated vagal activity in patients with functional dyspepsia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Central and Peripheral Effects of Transcutaneous Acupuncture Treatment for Nausea in Patients with Diabetic Gastroparesis

Sarosiek

Song

Sun

et al. 2017

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsNausea, an unpleasant symptom of diabetic gastroparesis (DMGP), has been reported to be alleviated by needleless transcutaneous electrical acupuncture (TEA). Our study was designed to utilize electroencephalography (EEG) and electrogastrography (EGG) recordings to investigate the central and peripheral responses of TEA in the treatment of nausea in DMGP patients. MethodsEleven DMGP subjects underwent simultaneous EEG and EGG testing while grading the severity of nausea following 30-minute intervals of: (1) baseline, (2) visual stimulation (VS) to provoke more nausea, (3) active VS together with TEA, and (4) TEA alone, and a final 15-minute recording without any intervention. ResultsThe nausea score was increased to 5.9 ± 1.5 with VS (P < 0.05, vs 3.5 ± 1.0 at baseline), then reduced to 3.5 ± 1.2 with VS plus TEA, and to 2.5 ± 1.3 with TEA alone, while it continued at a score of 2.9 ± 1.0 post TEA (all significant, P < 0.05, vs VS without TEA). The mean percentage of normal gastric slow waves was decreased to 60.0 ± 5.7% with VS (P < 0.05, vs 66.6 ± 4.5% at baseline), then improved to 69.2 ± 4.8% with VS plus TEA, and maintained at 70 ± 3.6% with TEA alone. During initial VS, EEG signals showed right inferior frontal activity as the prominent finding, but during VS with TEA, left inferior frontal activity predominated. ConclusionsIn DMGP, TEA improves gastric dysrhythmia and ameliorates nausea. TEA treatment of nausea provoked by VS resulted in a change of dominance from right to left inferior frontal lobe activity. These data provide new understandings of peripheral and central mechanisms for nausea, and potential future directions for DMGP treatment approaches.

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Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on gastric dysrhythmia, delayed emptying, and impaired accommodation in diabetic rats

Cited by 94 publications

References 55 publications

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

Central and Peripheral Effects of Transcutaneous Acupuncture Treatment for Nausea in Patients with Diabetic Gastroparesis

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