Amelioration by Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels. of Oleic Acid-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in HepG2 Cells through Antioxidant and Modulation of Lipid Metabolism

Abstract

Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels (I. polycarpa) is well known as an edible oil plant which contains abundant linoleic acid and polyphenols. The objective of this study was to maximize the by-product of defatted fruit of I. polycarpa. We found that the fraction D of ethyl acetate extract (EF-D) contained more polyphenols, which contribute to its strong antioxidant activity by antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP). Meanwhile, EF-D showed a significant lipid-lowering effect on oleic acid- (OA-) induced hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells through enhancing antioxidant activity, reducing liver damage, and regulating lipid metabolism, antioxidant, and inflammation-related gene expression. The SOD and T-AOC levels significantly increased, but the levels of MDA, AST, and ALT decreased obviously when treated with EF-D. In general, EF-D improved the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased the hepatic injury activities. Besides, treatment with EF-D for NAFLD influenced lipid metabolism and inflammation by activating PPARα which was associated with the increased expression of CPT1 and decreased expression of SCD, NF-κB, and IL-1. Moreover, EF-D improved the oxidative stress system through activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant signal pathways and upregulated its target genes of HO-1, NQO1, and GSTA2. The results highlighted the EF-D from the defatted fruit of I. polycarpa regarding lipid-lowering, proving it to be a potential drug resource of natural products for treating the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Study of active components and mechanisms mediating the hypolipidemic effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides

“…When the activity of CYP7A1 decreases, the conversion of cholesterol to bile acid is blocked, resulting in an increased level of cholesterol (Zhou et al., 2021 ). SR‐B1 can change the distribution of cholesterol on the cell membranes, thereby mediating the uptake and reverse transport of cholesterol, and facilitating the efflux of cholesterol (Li, Sun, et al., 2020 ). The results of the current study revealed that IOP‐A could increase the expression of CYP7A1 and SR‐B1 proteins in the liver of diet‐induced hyperlipidemic rats.…”

Optimization of the extract from flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. and its inhibition of lipid accumulation

“…For example, the published study also proved that kaempferol and kaempferide decreased the expression levels of FAS and PPARγ (Tie et al, 2021). Unexpectedly, Al intervention did not significantly enhance the gene expression level of CPT1A, a rate‐limiting enzyme responsible for β‐oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids (Li et al, 2020). In addition, the data implied that fat‐5, fat‐6, fat‐7, sbp−1, cebp‐2, nhr‐49, nhr‐80 and mdt−15 might be important genes involved in reduced lipid accumulation in C. elegans by Al treatment.…”

The Hypolipidemic Characteristics of a Methanol Extract of Fermented Green Tea and Spore of Eurotium cristatum SXHBTBU1934 in Golden Hamsters

“…The cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin and incubated with 5% CO 2 at 37 °C. Cells were allowed to grow to approximately 80% confluency and were sub-cultured at a ratio of 1:3 [ 27 ]. In this study, to simulate the process of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in vitro, 0.2 mM oleic acid (OA) was added to the culture medium for 48 h to induce human HepG2 to establish a nonalcoholic fatty liver cell model [ 28 ].…”