Amelioration effects of nanoencapsulated triterpenoids from petri dish-cultured <em>Antrodia cinnamomea</em> on reproductive function of diabetic male rats

Abstract

PurposeNanoencapsulated triterpenoids from petri dish-cultured Antrodia cinnamomea (PAC) and its amelioration effects on reproductive function in diabetic rats were investigated.Materials and methodsPAC encapsulated in silica–chitosan nanoparticles (Nano-PAC) was prepared by the biosilicification method. The diabetic condition in male Sprague Dawley rats was induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). Three different doses of Nano-PAC (4, 8, and 20 mg/kg) were administered for 6 weeks. Metformin and control of nanoparticles (Nano-con) were taken as positive and negative controls, respectively.ResultsThe average particle size was ~79.46±1.63 nm, and encapsulation efficiency was ~73.35%±0.09%. Nano-PAC administration improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In addition, Nano-PAC ameliorated the morphology of testicular seminiferous tubules, sperm morphology, motility, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant, as well as testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were increased, whereas proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ were decreased.ConclusionIn the present study, we successfully nanoencapsulated PAC and found that a very low dosage of Nano-PAC exhibited amelioration effects on the reproductive function of diabetic rats.

Protective effects of carvacrol against diabetes‐induced reproductive damage in male rats: Modulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway and inhibition of Nf‐kB‐mediated testicular apoptosis and inflammation

“…When examining oxidative stress parameters in the current study, it was determined that diabetes increased the MDA level, while decreased levels of GSH, activities of GSH.Px, CAT at fourth and eight weeks (Tables 1 and 2). These findings were found to be similar to the findings of studies (Armagan et al, 2006;Atta et al, 2017;Hassanzadeh-Taheri & Hosseini, 2019;Kermani et al, 2019;Sudirman et al, 2018;Zha et al, 2018), which reported that diabetes increased MDA levels and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in testicular tissue. (Aksu et al, 2016;Cengiz et al, 2017;Daggulli et al, 2014;Shoorei et al, 2019).…”

“…In many studies (Armagan et al, 2006;Atta et al, 2017;Kermani et al, 2019;Sudirman et al, 2018;Zha et al, 2018) conducted to examine the effects of diabetes on the male reproductive system, it has been reported that MDA levels increase in testicular tissue due to the insufficient enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidants. When examining oxidative stress parameters in the current study, it was determined that diabetes increased the MDA level, while decreased levels of GSH, activities of GSH.Px, CAT at fourth and eight weeks (Tables 1 and 2).…”

<p>Nanoparticles of Antroquinonol-Rich Extract from Solid-State-Cultured <em>Antrodia cinnamomea</em> Improve Reproductive Function in Diabetic Male Rats</p>

“…22 A previous study reported that triterpenoid compound from petri dish-cultured Antrodia cinnamomea ameliorates male reproductive function in rat model. 23 A previous study reported that besides the triterpenoids and polysaccharides, antroquinonol also present in solid-state fermentation of mycelium of A. cinnamomea. 24 It also can be extracted by ethanolic extraction from mycelium of A. cinnamomea.…”

“…Whereas, silica and chitosan have been reported by various previous studies relate their ability to enhance the bioavailability of some low soluble materials, such as triterpenoids and curcumin. 23,34 Therefore, we hypothesized that the nanoparticle form of antroquinonol enhances its utilization. As such, this study aimed to characterize the chitosan-silicate nanoparticle of antroquinonol-rich extract from solid-state-cultured A. cinnamomea (nano-SAC) and to investigate its ameliorative effects on male reproduction function in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic rat model.…”

Triterpenoids from Cyclocarya paliurus that Enhance Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

“…Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids were reported to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in C2C12 myotubes and a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model [4]. Nanoencapsulated triterpenoids from Petri dish-cultured Antrodia cinnamomea ameliorate hyperglycemia on high-fat diet (HFD)- and STZ-induced diabetic rats [5]. The extract of a triterpenoid-enriched Jamun fruit attenuates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, prevents the abnormal elevation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and improves dyslipidemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice [6].…”