Amelioration of Aflatoxin B1-induced gastrointestinal injuries by Eucalyptus oil in rats

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec id="j_jcim-2019-0002_s_001_w2aab3b8c67b1b7b1aab1c14b1Aa"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Eucalyptus oil (EO), derived from <jats:italic>Eucalyptus</jats:italic> species, possesses vast remedial and healing properties, although its gut health-promoting properties have not been well investigated. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of a commercial EO formulation and its potential role in protecting against aflatoxin B1 (AfB1)-induced gastrointestinal damage in rats.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jcim-2019-0002_s_002_w2aab3b8c67b1b7b1aab1c14b2Aa"><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups with eight rats each. Control rats were administered with the vehicle (1% Tween 80) for 14 days, while another group was exposed to two oral doses of AFB1 on days 12 and 14. Two other groups were pre-treated with oral doses of EO (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 consecutive days, along with two oral doses of AfB1 (5 mg/kg b.w.) on days 12 and 14. The remaining two groups were treated with EO alone at the two doses for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples, stomach and intestinal tissues were collected for measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters and light microscopic examination.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jcim-2019-0002_s_003_w2aab3b8c67b1b7b1aab1c14b3Aa"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed Eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole) as the main constituent (67.48%) of the oil. AfB1 administration induced oxidative and inflammatory disturbances, indicated by significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased serum nitric oxide level and myeloperoxidase activity; increased tissue contents of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, accompanied with corresponding histological alterations. AfB1 also induced significant (p&lt;0.05) reductions in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Treatment with EO produced significant improvements in the biochemical parameters as well as the appearance of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. EO alone, at the two doses tested did not produce any significant changes in the parameters investigated.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jcim-2019-0002_s_004_w2aab3b8c67b1b7b1aab1c14b4Aa"><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The findings from this study showed that EO demonstrated protective activity against Aflatoxin-induced toxicity in stomach and intestinal tissues and may thus find application in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Decrease in reproductive dysfunction using aflatoxin B1 exposure: a treatment with 3‐indolepropionic acid in albino Wistar rat

“…testes and hypothalamus of rats treated with AFB1, indicating proinflammatory activity of AFB1 in the reproductive tissues of male rats. AFB1-induced elevation of NO and MPO levels was reported by Akinrinde et al(Akinrinde et al, 2019).Adedara et al observed a similar result (Adedara et al, 2019). Consequent treatment with 3-IPA (25 and 50 mg/kg) restored the levels of these pro-inflammatory mediators to similar levels with the control rats, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory role of 3-IPA in the testis's epididymis and hypothalamus of rats, compared with AFB1 alone.XO can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-including hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and superoxide anion (O 2•− )-contribute F I G U R E 11 A proposed mechanism for 3-IPA on AFB1-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the neuronal and reproductive organs of male Wistar rats.…”

“…NO, MPO and TNF‐α were prominently increased in the epididymis, testes and hypothalamus of rats treated with AFB1, indicating pro‐inflammatory activity of AFB1 in the reproductive tissues of male rats. AFB1‐induced elevation of NO and MPO levels was reported by Akinrinde et al (Akinrinde et al., 2019). Adedara et al observed a similar result (Adedara et al., 2019).…”

Rescue potency of Eucalyptus oil against gamma-rays induced gastric ulceration

“…Outstandingly, in the present study, the pre-treatment of rats with 100 mg/kg of EO conferred marked protection from gamma-rays induced gastric ulceration as evidenced by the intact mucosal layer, absence of haemorrhage and necrosis. The EO at the doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 14 days protected against Aflatoxin B1-induced injuries in stomach and intestinal tissues that could be used in the management of gastrointestinal syndromes in rats (9) .…”

“…The genus Eucalyptus L'Heritier comprises about 300 species contains volatile essential oil in their leaves (6) . Eucalyptus oil (EO) has amazing widespread biological activities including antimicrobial, antiseptic, antioxidant, chemotherapeutic (7,8) , respiratory and gastrointestinal effects (9,10) as well as wound healing (11) . No research article has yet assessed the radioprotective role of EO against gamma-rays induced gastric ulceration in rats.…”

Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation

“…Pulmonary toxicity of AFB 1 has been observed in vivo on male albino rats [117]. Gastrointestinal toxicity of AFB 1 has been described in vivo on rats [118], pigs [119], and chickens [120]. The genotoxic effect has been observed in vivo on mice [110].…”