Amelioration of Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) Induced Neurotoxicity by Combination of Rivastigmine and Memantine with Artesunate in Albino Wistar Rats

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive disorder characterized by neurodegeneration and accumulation of abnormal proteins. Artesunate, an anti-malarial drug has recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, angiogenic and other pleiotropic effects. It has also improved cognitive decline induced by hepatic coma which is suggestive of its role in learning and memory. In view of this, the current study was planned to assess the effect of the combination of artesunate with rivastigmine and memantine in aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity. The study was conducted on 24 male adult albino wistar rats which were divided into four groups (n=6). Group - I to IV received saline, aluminium chloride (AlCl3), AlCl3 + artesunate +rivastigmine, AlCl3 + artesunate + memantine for 60 days respectively. After the 60th day of treatment, all animals were subjected to a passive avoidance task. All the animals were then sacrificed to study the histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Artesunate in combination with rivastigmine and memantine showed significant improvement in memory impairment and reduced neuronal death. Neuronal viability was more prominent in combination treatments as shown by histopathological results. Artesunate in combination with rivastigmine and memantine could be useful in AD. Artesunate can be used as an adjuvant therapy because artesunate combined with standard drugs produced significant neuroprotective effect.

The Effects of Aqueous Leave Extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> on the Hippocamppal Histology of Aluminium Chloride-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Adult Wistar Rats

“…In this study, (Figure 3) histopathological evaluation of hippocampal sections of AlCl3 treated group of rats confirmed neurodegenerative changes in CA3. This is consistent with previous study by [39] where AlCl3 induction group showed massive depletion of cellular body, acidic cytoplasm, nuclear vacuolation and more intercellular space. However, the experimental group (Moringa extract + AlCl3) (Figure 4) showed fewer shrunken cells than in Figure 3.…”

Pharmacotherapeutic potential of pomegranate in age-related neurological disorders

“…Aluminum is a potent neurotoxic agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier, accumulates in the brain, and contributes to neurodegenerative disorders (Bondy, 2016 ; Chiroma et al, 2019 ; Liaquat et al, 2019 ). Animals exposed to aluminum have shown amyloid-β-protein generation, apoptosis in the brain's hippocampus, and AD symptoms (Kumar et al, 2019 ). The mentioned disorders may be caused by free radicals and oxidative stress-induced through aluminum exposure (Valko et al, 2007 ).…”

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Nasal Liposome and Nanoparticle Based Rivastigmine Formulations in Acute and Chronic Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…An opening 6×6 cm in between the two compartments which was closed using a transparent plexi glass sliding door. Test procedure, was carried out in three phases, exploration, learning and retention [18].…”