Amelioration of experimental metabolic syndrome induced in rats by orlistat and Corchorus olitorius leaf extract; role of adipo/cytokines

Abstract

Objectives To determine the efficacy of Corchorus olitorius (C. olitorius) leaf extract in the prevention of metabolic syndrome induced in rats by high‐fat diet (HFD) and compare it with that of orlistat. Methods Phytochemical analysis was performed. Effect of orlistat and C. olitorius extract on lipase activity and acute food intake were investigated. Body weight, biochemical parameters and histopathological examination were demonstrated. Key findings Corchorus olitorius extract inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity, but orlistat was more potent. Cumulative food intake has not changed by the tested agents. In obese rats, C. olitorius or orlistat significantly decreased weight gain and visceral white adipose tissue. They exhibited a significant reduction in serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids, IL‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), insulin and leptin levels of obese rat groups while high density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin levels were significantly increased by them. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed that C. olitorius was more effective than orlistat in the alleviating of steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy shown in obese control rats. Conclusions Corchorus olitorius is effective as orlistat in preventing obesity, hyperlipidaemia, steatosis and insulin resistance. These actions may be mediated by inhibiting of lipase activity, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and leptin resistance along with increasing of adiponectin.

Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Orlistat on Obesity-Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress Rat Model

“…Our present study demonstrated that the adiponectin level in the OB group was significantly decreased in comparison to the Normal group, which was parallel to other study [61]. This could be due to the higher inflammatory cytokines in the OB group, which could further suppress the adiponectin level [11]. In addition, adiponectin and leptin are both co-related towards the progression of atherosclerosis [62].…”

“…Orlistat acts selectively towards gastrointestinal lipase by preventing the hydrolysis of ingested dietary fat into absorbable free fatty acids and glycerol [10]. For this reason, orlistat has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving obesity parameters such as BMI, lipid profiles, white adipocyte size, and fecal fat excretion in animal models, as well as the complications of obesity such as metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction in human [11][12][13]. Considering its easy availability, cost effectiveness, and significant effect on reducing weight, orlistat has become a standard drug and is the most used obesity drug in the wider population with obesity in comparison to other drugs such as sibutramine, which has been shown to cause adverse cardiovascular effects, as well as phentermine and diethylpropion, which have sympathomimetic effects and only subjected for short term management [14].…”

Spray-Dried Formulations Rich in Malvidin from Tintorera Grape Wastes: Characterization, Stability, and Storage

“…Regarding to lipase inhibition, the IC50 of the Tintorera grape extracts was slightly higher than some phenolic standards used in this assay (0.14 mg mL −1 for chlorogenic acid, 0.13 mg mL −1 for delphinidin 3-galactoside, and 0.13 mg mL −1 for kuromanin chloride), with the exception of malvidin 3-galactoside, which presented a similar dose (0.16 mg mL −1 ). In fact, it is necessary to emphasize that the IC50 values for common inhibitors such as orlistat was 0.123 mg mL −1 [26], a value close to what we have obtained with 0.16 mg/mL, demonstrating a good inhibitory capacity of the Tintorera grape extract.…”

Effects of Corchorus olitorius and Protacatechuic Acid on Diabetic Rat Testis Tissue

“…Corchorus olitorius known as "Molehiya" in Cyprus (Jew's Mallow, Molukhia, Mulukhiyya, Mloukhiya and Moreheiya in various countries) is an antioxidant plant (Oyedeji et al, 2013). Corchorus olitorius has been reported to be used in alternative therapy and experimental research, with protective or disease preventive effects (Owoyele et al, 2015;Wagdy et al, 2019;Gomaa et al, 2019;Orieke et al, 2020). Chemical composition of Corchorus olitorius, which has antioxidant, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial effect, is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, fibre, calcium, w-3 fatty acid, iron and other various minerals (Adedosu et al, 2015;Ademiluyi et al, 2015;Mahmoud et al, 2016;Airaodion et al, 2019).…”