Ameliorative effect of nanoencapsulated flavonoid against chlorpyrifos‐induced hepatic oxidative damage and immunotoxicity in Wistar rats

Abstract

The theme of the present work is to evaluate the protective effect of nanoencapsulated quercetin (NEQ) against chlorpyrifos (CPF)-induced hepatic damage and immune alterations in animals. Nanoparticles (NP) drug encapsulation was prepared. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups. Two groups served as control and CPF (13.5 mg/kg) treatment for 28 days. Other three groups were free quercetin (QC), NP and NEQ treated with 3 mg/kg respectively for 15 days; whereas remaining three groups received treatment of CPF and QC, NP, NEQ, respectively, for 15 days. The results show that significantly altered oxidative stress in the liver tissue and liver enzyme parameters in blood and immune responses in CPF-treated rats compared to controls. Administration of NEQ attenuated biochemical and immunological parameters. The liver histopathological analysis confirmed pathological improvement. Hence, use of NEQ appeared to be beneficial to a great extent in attenuating and restoring hepatic oxidative damage and immune alteration sustained by pesticide exposure.

Hesperidin protects against the chlorpyrifos‐induced chronic hepato‐renal toxicity in rats associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and up‐regulation of PARP‐1/VEGF

“…[3][4][5] It has also been suggested that CPF toxicity causes oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in vital organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, and testis. 2,[5][6][7][8] In recent studies, many biomarkers are used for oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage, including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK4), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), apoptosis-related cysteine protease (Caspase 3), B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2 associated x protein (Bax), ve Coiled-Coil, and Moesin-Like BCL2-Interacting Protein (Beclin1) . [9][10][11][12][13][14] In recent studies, it has been determined that acute and chronic CPF toxicity causes DNA damage.…”

The advance anticancer role of polymeric core‐shell ZnO nanoparticles containing oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer

“…Masson's trichrome was exerted to stain the tumor tissues to explore the regulatory function of ZnO‐Gd containing Oxaliplatin on fibrosis. Since the characterization of colonic fibrosis implicates excessive collagen deposition, [ 90 ] the data of histopathological staining indicated the ability of ZnO‐Gd‐Oxaliplatin to cause significant inhibition of tissue fibrosis and reduce the deposition of collagen in tumor tissues (Figure 12).…”

“…Since the characterization of colonic fibrosis implicates excessive collagen deposition, [90] the data of histopathological staining indicated the ability of ZnO-Gd-Oxaliplatin to cause significant inhibition of tissue fibrosis and reduce the deposition of collagen in tumor tissues (Figure 12). this product can be employed as a nanocarrier system to improve the effects of the medicine being used.…”

Immunotoxic role of organophosphates: An unseen risk escalating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity

“…leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) and macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) Quercetin (3 mg/kg; 15 days) affectively alleviated chlorpyrifos-induced immunotoxicity. Suke et al, 2018 Diazinon (20 mg/kg; 4 weeks) Exerted immunotoxicity as indicated by reduced IFN-γ and increased micronucleus indices of IL10 and IL 4 in rats Thymoquinone (2.5-10 mg/kg; 4 weeks) normalized the levels of IFN-γ, Il10 and IL4 and prevented immunotoxicity. Danaei and Karami, 2017 Ethephon (1995 ppm; 2 months) Leucocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphocytopenia; reduced serum hemolyzing antibody titer, declined phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear cells were recorded in mice.…”