Ameliorative Effect of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants on Arsenic Toxicity in Male Mice: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives

Abstract

Simple Summary: Arsenic is a heavy metal with toxic effect on animal and human health via damaging liver and kidney. It is found widely in the environment, mainly in foodstuffs and drinking waters. It is also widely used in suicides and hence, acquires forensic impact. The present work examined the toxic effect of arsenic on liver and kidney of male mice via estimating hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters and proved its severe toxicity on the animal health.One of the valuable medications to overcoming this toxicity is the usual administration of herbs with antioxidant ability. Green tea, garlic and synthetic vitamin C were tested for approving their antioxidant efficiency against arsenic-induced toxicity and the results were promising. The used antioxidants improve greatly the damage occurred in liver and kidney of mice either on the level of biochemical parameters or on the level of tissue histology. It is therefore, recommended to include the natural antioxidants in our food and drinks for prevention.Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of some natural and artificial antioxidants on the hepato-renal injuries induced by arsenic toxicity. Sixty adult male albino mice weighing 30-40 g were subjected to a sub-lethal dose of sodium arsenate (40 mg/kg body weight) to investigate hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations resulting from arsenic-induced hepato-renal toxicity. Arsenic-exposed mice were also co-treated with different antioxidants including green tea, garlic and vitamin C to reveal their potential protective role. The antioxidants induced normalization of all blood parameters that showed significant declines by arsenic toxicity. ALT and AST activities were significantly increased in sodium arsenate treated group compared to all other groups. These enzymes did not acquire insignificant differences in antioxidants-treated groups compared to the control mice. Creatinine and urea were significantly increased in arsenate treated mice and become normal in mice co-treated with different antioxidants.Liver sections of arsenate treated mice showed venous congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, mononuclear cell infiltration and periportal fibrosis. Renal sections in the same groups revealed interstitial hemorrhages, mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerulonephritis and proximal tubular necrosis. Hepato-renal histopathology was greatly reduced, particularly, in groups received Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: combined antioxidants. The used antioxidants, therefore, exhibited potential protection against hepato-renal induced arsenic toxicity.

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“…For the histological preparations of liver tissues, fixation, preservation, embedding, dehydration, Natural Science deparaffinization, rehydration was conducted as described by Amer et al [19]. H&E staining was undertaken according to protocols of Bancroft et al [20].…”

“…H&E staining was undertaken according to protocols of Bancroft et al [20]. Photomicrographing [19] was also done.…”