Ameliorative effects of Musa sapientum peel extract on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

Investigation of HPLF-111624 in Modified Experimental Models of Ulcerative Proctitis and Anal Fissure in Rats

“…The fecal examination for diarrhea and rectal bleeding was done daily and scored as follows: 0, normal or negative blood; 1, soft but still formed; 2, soft stool with blood traces; 3, diarrhea and rectal bleeding. 11 , 13 …”

“…Macroscopic scoring for inflammation in the rectum was done based on the following scores: 0, no ulcer formation; 1, mucosal erythema; 2, mild mucosal edema and bleeding ulcers or bleeding erosion; 3, moderate mucosal, bleeding ulcers, or erosions; 4, severe ulcerations, erosions, and edema with tissue necrosis and perforations. 11 , 13 …”

“…The rectal sections were analyzed histopathologically for crypt degeneration and necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and erosion, and ulcer formation using H&E staining. 11 , 13 …”

“…Acetic acid is commonly used phlogistic agent to induce ulcerative colitis in animal research and resembles human ulcerative colitis in its pathophysiological features, histology, and inflammatory mediator profile. 13 As UP is a similar disease condition that is limited to the rectal region, we used acetic acid to induce the same. Similarly, the etiology and histopathology of the anal fissure model include simple slit/laceration/abrasion, thrombosis, and inflammation in crypts.…”