Ameliorative Effects of Rhoifolin in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model

Abstract

<jats:p>Rhoifolin (Rho) exerts many biological activities such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antirheumatic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. The neuroprotective action of this compound has not been studied. The goal of this study was to investigate the improvement impact of Rho on scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish anxiety, amnesia, and brain oxidative stress and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. Zebrafish were treated with Rho (1, 3, and 5 μg/L) for nine consecutive days and were subsequently subjected to Sco (100 μM) 30 min before behavioral tests (novel tank diving test, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests). Rho was isolated from Chorisia crispiflora (Malvaceae) leaves and identified by different spectroscopic techniques. To further assess the possible mechanisms of Rho in enhancing the memory capacities in zebrafish, the in vivo antioxidant status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also evaluated. Rho from Chorisia crispiflora leaves was identified. Rho could alleviate anxiety, memory deficits, and brain oxidative stress in Sco-treated zebrafish and could regulate the cholinergic function by inhibiting the AChE activity. Our results demonstrated that Rho could be a promising candidate compound against anxiety and amnesia by restoring the cholinergic activity and the amelioration of brain oxidative stress.</jats:p>

Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. Ethanolic Extract with Antioxidant Properties on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in a Zebrafish Model of Cognitive Impairment

“…In Figure 5F, for the carbonylated proteins levels, the one-way ANOVA test showed the following value between groups of animals F(4,45) = 15.92, p = 0.0002. Elevated levels of carbonylated proteins, lipid peroxidation leading to oxidative stress may also be a reason for memory loss through the administration of scopolamine [60]. This is also observed in our evaluation because the group of fish that received the dose of SCOP 100 µM showed a high level of carbonylated proteins compared to the control group (p < 0.01).…”

“…The total distance traveled by the zebrafish inside the new tank reflects the general/motor neurological phenotypes. Zebrafish is sensitive to nonspecific motor deficiencies and sedative effects of drugs such as SCOP [60,61], but IMP given at a dose of 20 mg/L has significantly stopped these effects. The HE greatly prevented the hypolocomotion and memory deficits caused by the SCOP administration, as evidenced by doses of 1 mg/L and 3 mg/L.…”

Anxiolytic, Promnesic, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Effects of Cotinine and 6-Hydroxy-L-Nicotine in Scopolamine-Induced Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…In a previous study, Zanandrea et al [ 46 ] showed that SCOP administration (100 µM for 1 h) to zebrafish did not alter the specific activity of AChE compared to control fish. In contrast, several other reports have demonstrated that SCOP (100 µM for 30 min) increased the activity of this enzyme in the zebrafish brains [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 92 , 93 ]. Ziani et al [ 41 ] showed that NIC (1 mg/L for 3 min) increases the AChE activity when it is co-administered with a compound that provokes a fear response in zebrafish but not when NIC is administered alone.…”

“…The biochemical results obtained in this study indicated that COT and 6HLN exhibit an antioxidant profile in the SCOP-induced zebrafish model of AD. Several reports showed that SCOP treatment induces oxidative stress in the brain of zebrafish [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 92 , 93 ] or rodents [ 64 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. In a cell line derived from Danio rerio gill tissue, NIC treatment (3–7 mg/L for 12 h) has been shown to induce intracellular ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner [ 100 ].…”

“…The animals were assigned into ten experimental groups (10 fish per group), each group being housed in 24 L tanks as follow: the control group, the SCOP group, the GAL group (used as a positive control in memory tasks), the IMP group (used as a positive control in anxiety test), two NIC groups (1 and 2 mg/L), two COT groups (1 and 2 mg/L) and two 6HLN groups (1 and 2 mg/L). Before performing a behavioral task, fish (except those from the control group) were individually placed in SCOP solution 100 µM for 30 min to induce the zebrafish model of AD, as previously described [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Subsequently, fish were individually subjected to a 3 min acute treatment with 1 and 2 mg/L of NIC, COT, or 6HLN in a 0.5 L pre-treatment beaker ( Figure 2 ).…”