Amelioratory effect of neoandrographolide on myocardial ischemic‐reperfusion injury by its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic activities

Abstract

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of neoandrographolide (Neo) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) models and explore its possible mechanism. We randomly and equally divided male mice into sham-operation, I/R, and I/R + Neo groups. H9C2 cell line and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were induced into the simulated I/R's status and used to further validate the Neo's role in vitro. Heart systolic function, indexes of myocardial injury (IMI), infarct size, pathological change, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, and indexes related to apoptotic and NF-κB signaling pathways were analyzed in vivo or in vitro after the Neo treatment. Compared to the I/R group, Neo significantly suppressed IMI, infarct size, inflammatory cell infiltration, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, bax, cleaved caspase-3, P-IKBa, and P-NF-κB protein expressions, and the translocation of NF-kB subunit p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in vivo or in vitro. Still, ejected fraction, fractional shortening, and the bcl-2 protein expression were notably increased after the Neo treatment. Neo could be developed into a new drug for treating myocardial I/R by inhibiting myocardial inflammation and apoptosis, which was closely related to suppressing the activation of bax/bcl-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Insulin‐like growth factor II receptor alpha overexpression in heart aggravates hyperglycemia‐induced cardiac inflammation and myocardial necrosis

“…Specifically, there was a marked increase in regulators of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, including cleaved caspase‐3 (activated caspase‐3), caspase‐9, and cytochrome C, protein levels in diabetic transgenic rats (Figure 3; Supplementary Figure S2A–C). 39 In contrast, there was a significant decrease in protein expression‐related survival pathways, such as BCL‐2, Akt, Akt‐Ser 473 phosphorylation, PI3K, PI3K‐phosphorylation at the p85 subunit in these rats (Figure 3; Supplementary Figure S2D–H). This illustrates that IGF‐IIRα can aggravate diabetes‐induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.…”

Integrating Transcriptome and Chemical Analyses to Provide Insights into Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Flavonoids in the Medicinal Industrial Crop Andrographis paniculate and Its Antiviral Medicinal Parts

“…The present study utilized UPLC-MS to analyze the leaf, stem, and root of A. paniculata. The results reveal that the major bioactive constituents were diterpene lactones and flavonoids, including andrographolide, dehydroandrographolide, and neoandrographolide, which have been reported to exhibit antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties [ 50 , 51 ]. A quantitative HPLC analysis further quantified the tissue-specific accumulation patterns of these terpenoids, indicating the highest abundance in leaves and the lowest levels in roots.…”

Integrating UPLC-HR-MS/MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanisms of Jin’gan Capsules against Breast Cancer

“…Utilizing UPLC-HR-MS/MS analysis and network pharmacology, we identified seven potential bioactive ingredients from JGCs. Interestingly, all seven ingredients have been identified as potential anti-inflammatory agents in various diseases, including osteoarthritis, ischemia–reperfusion injury, and colitis. − Moreover, some compounds have also shown potential antitumor activity. For example, puerarin, a natural isoflavonoid from Pueraria lobata, could restrain breast cancer cell metastasis and enhance chemosensitivity to adriamycin. , Daidzein, a natural isoflavone from Leguminosae, was found to induce cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2/M phases, promote cell apoptosis, suppress TNF-α-induced migration and invasion, and reverse breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-mediated drug resistance in breast cancer. − Eleutheroside B (syringin), a phenylpropanoid glycoside, can induce oxidative stress to suppress the proliferation of breast cancer .…”