Amenity Migration in the Alps: Applying Models of Motivations and Effects to 2 Case Studies in Italy

The Eastern Austrian Alps – Their Exceptional Demographic Status in the Alpine Region

“…In 2014, a study by Čede et al (2014) on the new in-migration to the Alps could verify that the Alps as a whole are no longer an area of out-migration ( Fig. 1) (see also Perlik, 2006, Bender & Kanitscheider, 2012or Löffler et al, 2016a, 2016b. Proceeding from France around 1970, this new demographic trend has meanwhile also affected the eastern part of the Italian Alps (Montagna friulana) and, with some time delay, the adjacent section of the Julian Alps (Julijske Alpe) in Slovenia, but not the eastern part of the Austrian Alps.…”

“…Most of these newcomersoften families with childrenwork and have either brought their own work or created a new occupation on site. In the area of overlap between local population and amenity migrants, there are also remigrants, i.e., locals who have left the community in search of work and later returned, as well as so-called relationship migrants, i.e., people who have immigrated for partnership or marriage into the community (Löffler et al, 2016b).…”

Migration by Necessity and by Force to Mountain Areas: An Opportunity for Social Innovation

“…For a long time, socioeconomic and demographic studies of mountain regions both in Europe and elsewhere emphasized outmigration from high elevations to large lowland cities and degradation of peripheral mountain areas (Bä tzing et al 1996). Since the 2000s, there has been an increasing emphasis on the opposite trend (Steinicke et al 2012;Bartaletti 2013;Corrado et al 2014;New inhabitants 2014;L€ offler et al 2016); these studies focused mainly on immigration of wealthy people. Recently migration of poor people has attracted attention (Dematteis 2010;Dematteis 2011;Membretti 2015;Membretti and Viazzo 2017;Membretti et al 2017;Perlik et al 2019).…”

“…The long-term effects of this trend toward residential economies in mountain areas are debated, because it may weaken existing regional production systems and induces gentrifying processes (Perlik 2011). As these forms of migration have been already broadly discussed for the Alps (eg Steinicke et al 2012;L€ offler et al 2016), migrants by choice are not the subject of this article.…”

Mobilidades e Turismo urbano: estudo sobre o legado étnico da comunidade coreana no Bom Retiro (São Paulo/Brasil)

“…No contexto das cidades e mobilidades, os principais assuntos recorrentes nas pesquisas de migração e turismo são VFR (visiting friends and relatives), amenity migration, migrantes aposentados e turismo de segunda residência. tendência de uma reconfiguração nos padrões demográficos em certas localidades tende a resultar em sérios impactos nas populações, sejam emissoras ou receptoras de migrantes(LÖFFLER, 2016),(HILTUNEN et al, 2016). não pelo motivo de estrutura turística, mas por razões diversas, o turismo/migração de segunda residência também é um assunto a ser destacado(MÜLLER;MARJAVAARA, 2012;SONDEREGGER;BÄTZING, 2013).Pesquisadores na área demonstram que as segundas residências são motivadas em parte pelo turismo urbano e o lazer como estilo de vida de muitas pessoas dos países desenvolvidos(HALL; MULLER, 2004).…”