America and the new terrorism

Simon, Stéphanie; Benjamin, Daniel

doi:10.1093/survival/42.1.59

Cited by 104 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…As a standard measurement, the average Mb/s for attacks that were defended by Kaspersky Labs prevention software in 2011 was 70 Mb/s. 33 In a report from a computer security firm that monitors Internet traffic, the attacks against these Georgian websites reached an average of 211.66 Mb/s, and peaked at 814.33 Mb/s, which averaged a length of two hours and fifteen minutes, but reached a peak attack duration of six hours. 34 The measured intensity of the attack on Georgia relative to the average intensity of a similar style attack conveys an extremely organized and calculated effort.…”

Section: The 2008 South Ossetia War Between Russia and Georgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Furthermore, the intent of the computer program was not only to hinder the nuclear ambitions of Iran; it was also designed to interfere with Iran's best scientific and military minds. 40 The Stuxnet designers made it seem like sloppy engineering or faulty mechanical hardware were at fault for causing problems. This unresolved issue caused a great deal of stress and instability among the staff working at Natanz.…”

Section: Fall 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Political scientist Joseph Nye, in a broader and more useful view of the hazards in cyberspace, sees four activities that threaten national security: espionage, crime, war, and terrorism. 33 War and terrorism are potentially the most immediately destructive threats in cyberspace, and they correlate closely to the U.S. DoD category of computer network attack. The recently constituted U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) is the DoD organization working to defend against these threats along with protecting defense networks against espionage.…”

Section: All Threats Are Not Created Equalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ConnQJ

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Section: The 2008 South Ossetia War Between Russia and Georgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fall 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: All Threats Are Not Created Equalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2013

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“…This latter element posits changes in the nature of terrorism from political acts of violence carried out by groups with limited aims to groups carrying out more nihilistic acts of violence with no restrictions on the scale of violence, based on religious ideology rather than political goals (Simon, 1989;Lesser et al, 1995;Rose, 1999;Laquer, 2000;Simon and Benjamin, 2000;Rapoport, 2001;Ramakrishna and Tan, 2003;Hoffman, 2006). However, while the 1990s bio-threat perception and fears over the changing nature of terrorists fertilised fears of foodborne bioterrorism and the like, it was 9/11 and Amerithrax that allowed the food defence threat perception to grow.…”

Section: The Perception Of Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the terrorist threat to the food supply: food defence, threat assessments, and the problem of vulnerability

Dalziel

2011

IJFSNPH

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Within a historically-informed framework utilising the related concepts of capability and intentions we identify and critically assess three core assumptions underlying the concept of food defence:1 that there is a 'real and current' threat to the food supply chain by terrorist organisations 2 such an attack is easy to do 3 the effects of such an attack can be extrapolated from food safety incidents.In doing so, we find that food defence is largely driven by perceptions of vulnerability, the effect of which is a misperception in threat.

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“…If the United States could remain impartial and solve this problem, much wind would be removed from the sails of terrorism and it would allow other regional governments to come aboard as allies in the GWOT. 87 These issues need to be addressed without it appearing that the US is kowtowing to the terrorist demands. There are ways to circumvent this problem.…”

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confidence: 99%

Give Deterrence a Chance: A Strategy Against Al Qaeda

Hoag¹

2007

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. terrorists. While deterrence is contained in the strategy, it is apparent from the application of the strategy that deterrence has not been used or that its use is effective. In application, the strategy has been heavy on defeat and light on deter. It relies on the military, but does little to weave all other aspects of national power to help solve the problem of terrorism. Deterrence has many short comings as a strategy in application against terrorism but these problems can be overcome. This paper will discuss deterrence and terrorism and provide a strategic framework for its use. GIVE DETERRENCE A CHANCE: A STRATEGY AGAINST AL QAEDAFrom the beginning, the War on Terror has been both a battle of arms and a battle of ideas -a fight against the terrorists and their murderous ideology. In the short run, the fight involves the application of all instruments of national power an influence to kill or capture the terrorists; deny them safe haven and control of any nation; prevent them form gaining access to WMD [weapons of mass distruction]; render potential terrorist target less attractive by strengthening security; and cut off their sources of funding and other resources they need to operate and survive. In the long run, winning the War on Terror means winning the battle of ideas. Ideas can transform the embittered and disillusioned either into murderers willing to kill innocents, or into free people living harmoniously in a diverse society.─National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, September 2006 Deterrence can be part of an overall strategy for combating terrorism. In practice, the United States has placed considerable emphasis in the defeating terrorists (militarily) in the Global War on Terror (GWOT) and less on deterrence (defend and denial). The above passage from the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism shows have both defeat and deter strategies. We kill or capture terrorists (defeat), deny them the safe haven of rogue states (denial), dry up the funds that let them operate as an organization (defeat and deny) and render targets less attractive (defend). While military action in the GWOT is indispensable, it the argument of this paper that deterrence can support and strengthen strategies used a...

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America and the new terrorism

Cited by 104 publications

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Assessing the terrorist threat to the food supply: food defence, threat assessments, and the problem of vulnerability

Give Deterrence a Chance: A Strategy Against Al Qaeda

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