American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists’ review of veterinary fecal flotation methods and factors influencing their accuracy and use—Is there really one best technique?

Ballweber, Lora R.; Beugnet, Frédéric; Marchiondo, Alan A.; Payne, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.009

Cited by 76 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…complex. However, we found that protozoan cysts are better recovered using SF-Mc-zinc, highlighting the possibility that other factors than SG play a role in recovering parasites, such as faeces moisture, lipid richness, amount of debris or even storage conditions [Ballweber et al, 2014]. To avoid such biases, we performed intrasample comparisons, but these parameters should be taken into account when making intersample comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A limiting factor possibly explaining these contrasts found across flotation techniques is the time span between loading the McMaster chambers and counting the parasite forms [Ballweber et al, 2014]. In this study, a 5-min timeframe was chosen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of an initial centrifugation step have been largely documented [Egwang and Slocombe, 1981;Zajac et al, 2002;Broussard, 2003]. In other cases though, SF-Mc methods provided more accurate measurements of strongyle eggs in cattle and sheep faecal material compared to a modification of the Stoll method [Stoll, 1930], which is a DCF method [Ballweber et al, 2014]. Modified methods, combining flotation and sedimentation, have also been tested: the prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses' faecal samples is significantly higher using a modified sedimentation-flotation method (50-g faeces samples, flotation solution-saturated NaCl and sucrose; SG: 1.25) than SF-Mc methods Pouillevet/Dibakou/Ngoubangoye/Poirotte/ Charpentier [Tomczuk et al, 2014], and a simple sedimentation together with the modified zinc sulphate flotation method would improve the diagnosis of nematode eggs and protozoan cysts in dog faeces [Cöplü et al, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Four Methods for the Detection of Nematode Eggs and Large Protozoan Cysts in Mandrill Faecal Material

Pouillevet¹,

Dibakou²,

Ngoubangoye³

et al. 2017

IJFP

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Coproscopical methods like sedimentation and flotation techniques are widely used in the field for studying simian gastrointestinal parasites. Four parasites of known zoonotic potential were studied in a free-ranging, non-provisioned population of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): 2 nematodes (Necatoramericanus/Oesophagostomum sp. complex and Strongyloides sp.) and 2 protozoan species (Balantidium coli and Entamoeba coli). Different coproscopical techniques are available but they are rarely compared to evaluate their efficiency to retrieve parasites. In this study 4 different field-friendly methods were compared. A sedimentation method and 3 different McMaster methods (using sugar, salt, and zinc sulphate solutions) were performed on 47 faecal samples collected from different individuals of both sexes and all ages. First, we show that McMaster flotation methods are appropriate to detect and thus quantify large protozoan cysts. Second, zinc sulphate McMaster flotation allows the retrieval of a higher number of parasite taxa compared to the other 3 methods. This method further shows the highest probability to detect each of the studied parasite taxa. Altogether our results show that zinc sulphate McMaster flotation appears to be the best technique to use when studying nematodes and large protozoa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Four Methods for the Detection of Nematode Eggs and Large Protozoan Cysts in Mandrill Faecal Material

Pouillevet¹,

Dibakou²,

Ngoubangoye³

et al. 2017

IJFP

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“…There are numerous protocols for collecting eggs from faeces for intestinal nematodes of terrestrial animals, some of which involve separation and concentration with density‐dependent faecal flotation by centrifugation (Ballweber et al . ). With helminths of fish, Marchiori et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A method for collecting eggs of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from zebrafish Danio rerio and efficacy of heat and chlorine for killing the nematode's eggs

Martins

Watral

Rodrigues-Soares

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Pseudocapillaria tomentosa is a common pathogen of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in research facilities. We developed a method to collect and concentrate the nematode eggs using a modified sugar centrifugation method, and documented their normal development. Embryonating stages with blastomere formation followed by elongation of the embryo prior to larva formation cumulated in developed larvae inside the eggs and hatching after 5–10 d. We then evaluated the efficacy of heat and chlorine to kill them based on a larva development assay. Eggs were exposed to 40, 50, 60°C for 30 min and 1 h. Chlorine treatment was performed at 100, 250, 500, 1000, 3000 and 6000 ppm for 10 min. Samples exposed to 40°C for 30 min or 1 h showed incidences of larvated eggs similar to controls. In contrast, no larvation occurred with eggs exposed to either 50 or 60°C for 30 min or 1 h. Remarkably, in repeated assays, samples exposed to low doses of chlorine (100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for 10 min) showed significantly higher incidence of larvation than controls. Eggs treated with 3,000 ppm for 10 min did not develop larvae and no eggs were found after 6,000 ppm treatment.

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“…In general, this kind of test is considered superior to flotation techniques for observation of trematode eggs because of their high density. Indeed, many trematode eggs do not float or only float in solutions with a high specific gravity (BALLWEBER et al, 2014). However, positive results were observed for 12.5% of the fecal samples (5/40) from cats when a method involving the centrifugal flotation of feces in a sugar solution was used, whereas all samples were negative when the centrifugal sedimentation technique was used (ROCHA et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Kato-Katz and spontaneous sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis in Neotropical primates

Mati

Pinto

Melo

2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Platynosomiasis is a parasitic infection reported in non-human primates, including marmosets, and is frequently difficult to diagnose. In this study, the Kato-Katz method and the spontaneous sedimentation method were evaluated for their usefulness in identifying Platynosomum eggs in fecal samples from Callithrix penicillata that naturally harbor Platynosomum illiciens. Spontaneous sedimentation allowed the diagnosis of 41.7% (5/12) and 66.7% (8/12) of infected marmosets from one and three slides, respectively, prepared from the same fecal sample. The examination of a single Kato-Katz thick smear detected 83.3% (10/12) of infection cases. The analysis of feces on three different days increased the rate of diagnosis, since 75% (9/12) and 100% (12/12) of the primates with platynosomiasis were identified using serial spontaneous sedimentation (3 slides/day) and the Kato-Katz method, respectively. The mean number of Platynosomum eggs per gram of feces determined via the Kato-Katz method was 71.7 (8-240). The spontaneous sedimentation method when performed in series is acceptable for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis. However, the Kato-Katz method, which was here used for the first time to detect this infection, has a higher diagnostic sensitivity and the advantage that a quantitative analysis of the eggs released in the host feces is possible.Keywords: Fecal parasitological diagnosis, platynosomiasis, Platynosomum, marmosets, spontaneous sedimentation, Kato-Katz thick smear. ResumoA platinossomose é uma infecção parasitária relatada em primatas não-humanos, inclusive saguis, cujo diagnóstico é frequentemente difícil. Neste estudo, os métodos de sedimentação espontânea e Kato-Katz foram avaliados quanto à sua utilidade na identificação de ovos de Platynosomum em amostras fecais de Callithrix penicillata naturalmente albergando Platynosomum illiciens. A sedimentação espontânea permitiu o diagnóstico de 41,7% (5/12) e 66,7% (8/12) dos saguis infectados a partir da análise de uma e três lâminas, respectivamente, preparadas de uma mesma amostra fecal. O exame de uma única lâmina de Kato-Katz detectou 83,3% (10/12) dos casos de infecção. A análise de fezes em três dias diferentes aumentou as taxas de diagnóstico, uma vez que 75% (9/12) e 100% (12/12) dos primatas que apresentaram a platinossomose foram identificados, usando-se a sedimentação espontânea (três lâminas/dia) e o Kato-Katz em série, respectivamente. O número médio de ovos de Platynosomum por g de fezes, determinado através do método de Kato-Katz, foi de 71,7 (8-240). O método de sedimentação espontânea, quando realizado em série, é aceitável para o diagnóstico da platinossomose. Entretanto, o método de Kato-Katz, o qual foi pela primeira vez usado para se detectar essa infecção, mostrou uma maior sensibilidade diagnóstica, com a vantagem de que é possível uma análise quantitativa dos ovos liberados nas fezes do hospedeiro.Palavras-chave: Diagnóstico parasitológico fecal, platinossomose, Platynosomum, saguis, sedimentação espontânea, Kato-Katz.

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American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists’ review of veterinary fecal flotation methods and factors influencing their accuracy and use—Is there really one best technique?

Cited by 76 publications

References 28 publications

A Comparative Study of Four Methods for the Detection of Nematode Eggs and Large Protozoan Cysts in Mandrill Faecal Material

A Comparative Study of Four Methods for the Detection of Nematode Eggs and Large Protozoan Cysts in Mandrill Faecal Material

A method for collecting eggs of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from zebrafish Danio rerio and efficacy of heat and chlorine for killing the nematode's eggs

Evaluation of Kato-Katz and spontaneous sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of platynosomiasis in Neotropical primates

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