American cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis as an initial clinical presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Abstract

The authors present the first report of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis (L.(V.) guyanenesis) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a Brazilian heterosexual man. It is also the first case of HIV infection associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazilian Western Amazonia. The patient had cutaneous and mucous lesions with a negative Montenegro skin test. Histopathology showed large numbers of amastigotes, even in a lesion which had clinically healed. L. (V. j guyanenesis was typed by an immunoenzymatic technique. Various therapies were attempted, but the patient relapsed after each episode of treatment. 0 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Comparative study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients in French Guiana

“…Our cohort of HIV+ patients with leishmaniasis differs from those reported in the literature. Most of the cases of American CL reported in HIV patients, almost all of which occurred in Brazil, were MCL (nine of 17 patients) and/or diffuse or disseminated forms (DCL) (11 of 17 patients) 3,12–22 . Only two patients had LCL 3,17 .…”

“…Leishmania guyanensis is predominant in French Guiana 6 and L. braziliensis , 29 the main species responsible for MCL, is predominant in Brazil 29 . Seven of the eight previous New World cases for which the species could be identified were caused by L. braziliensis and one was caused by L. guyanensis 3,12–22 . The third, and most likely, explanation is that the literature is biased by the fact that only unusual and severe cases of HIV–CL coinfection are reported.…”

Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis after visceral disease in a patient with AIDS

“…4,5,13 In any case, disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis with maculopapular rash, resembling that of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis described in patients in Africa with a severe cellular immunity imbalance, is an atypical, exceptional clinical feature in persons with HIV-infection, probably favored by an underlying severe immunosuppression. 3,5,[9][10][11][12][13] The presence of Leishmania parasites is sometimes coincidental, associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, herpes virus lesions, and bacillary anglomatosis, as a result of their dissemination during an asymptomatic form of visceral disease. 5 Diagnosis is obtained by leishmanial parasite identification (with May Grünwald-Giemsa staining), in culture (with Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium), or through histopathologlc examination of a biopsy sample or tissue aspirate from bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, or skin lesions.…”

Exploring Leishmania infantum cathepsin as a new molecular marker for phylogenetic relationships and visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis

“…The inferences correctly solved the differentiation of the species that are considered to be the etiological agent of tegumentary forms of the disease. One of the clades grouped L. guyanensis , L. panamensis and L. braziliensis , and this reflected the findings of studies in which, analyzing otorhinolaryngological conditions, most of the etiology of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was attributed to L. braziliensis and L. panamensis , as well as results in which clinical situations of mucosal involvement were attributed to L. guyanensis [37, 38].…”