American Foulbrood in Uruguay: Twelve years from its first report

Antúnez, Karina; Anido, Matilde; Branchiccela, Belén; Harriet, Jorge; Campá, Juan; Zunino, Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2012.02.008

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Other bee pathogens, such as Paenibacillus larvae , the causative agent of American foulbrood, Melissococcus pluton , the causative agent of European foulbrood, and Ascosphaera apis , the causative agent of Chalkbrood disease, are also present. Clinical infections with these pathogens occur relatively infrequently and are not thought to represent an important threat to the beekeeping industry (Antunez et al 2012;Invernizzi et al 2011). Additionally, there have been documented cases of pesticide kills, specifically from fipronil and imidacloprid exposure (Pareja et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeybee colony losses in Uruguay during 2013–2014

et al. 2016

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High rates of honey bee colony losses have been reported worldwide; however, data about colony loss rates in South America is scarce. This study quantified colony losses experienced in Uruguay during the 2013-2014 season and identifies the self-diagnosed causes for these losses. An estimated 2.6% of all Uruguayan beekeepers, who collectively managed 5% of the estimated 550,000 colonies in the country, responded to this survey. We found that total summer and winter losses were similar (summer 19.0% (95% CI 13.26-24.77%), winter 20.2% (95% CI 14.98-25.39)), as were the average operational losses (summer 19.8% (95% CI 14.01-25.52), winter 18.3% (95% CI 13.15-23.56%)). The total annual loss was 28.5% (95% CI 22.42-34.51%), with each beekeeper losing, on average, 28.6% (95% CI 22.52-34.61%) of the colonies in their operation. Loss rates were similar across operations of different sizes. Queen failure, diseases and parasites, and pesticides were the leading self-reported and selfdiagnosed causes of colony losses. This study is the first to document honey bee colony losses in Uruguay, establishing a baseline for future long-term monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeybee colony losses in Uruguay during 2013–2014

et al. 2016

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“…Long term epidemiological studies show that the prevalence levels of AFB vary over time. For example, in Uruguay, AFB prevalence levels fluctuated over 12 years after it was first reported (Antúnez et al 2012 ) suggesting that the levels recorded in Ugandan apiaries could change over time. Therefore, monitoring programs for this honeybee disease in Uganda should be developed and implemented to ensure that it is detected early and managed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of Paenibacillus larvae the causative agent of American Foulbrood in a Ugandan honeybee colony

et al. 2016

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Paenibacillus larvae is a highly contagious and often lethal widely distributed pathogen of honeybees, Apis mellifera but has not been reported in eastern Africa to date. We investigated the presence of P. larvae in the eastern and western highland agro-ecological zones of Uganda by collecting brood and honey samples from 67 honeybee colonies in two sampling occasions and cultivated them for P. larvae. Also, 8 honeys imported and locally retailed in Uganda were sampled and cultivated for P. larvae. Our aim was to establish the presence and distribution of P. larvae in honeybee populations in the two highland agro-ecological zones of Uganda and to determine if honeys that were locally retailed contained this lethal pathogen. One honeybee colony without clinical symptoms for P. larvae in an apiary located in a protected area of the western highlands of Uganda was found positive for P. larvae. The strain of this P. larvae was genotyped and found to be ERIC I. In order to compare its virulence with P. larvae reference strains, in vitro infection experiments were conducted with carniolan honeybee larvae from the research laboratory at Ghent University, Belgium. The results show that the virulence of the P. larvae strain found in Uganda was at least equally high. The epidemiological implication of the presence of P. larvae in a protected area is discussed.

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Seasonal Variation of Honeybee Pathogens and its Association with Pollen Diversity in Uruguay

et al. 2015

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Honeybees are susceptible to a wide range of pathogens, which have been related to the occurrence of colony loss episodes reported mainly in north hemisphere countries. Their ability to resist those infections is compromised if they are malnourished or exposed to pesticides. The aim of the present study was to carry out an epidemiological study in Uruguay, South America, in order to evaluate the dynamics and interaction of honeybee pathogens and evaluate their association with the presence of external stress factors such as restricted pollen diversity and presence of agrochemicals. We monitored 40 colonies in two apiaries over 24 months, regularly quantifying colony strength, parasite and pathogen status, and pollen diversity. Chlorinated pesticides, phosphorus, pyrethroid, fipronil, or sulfas were not found in stored pollen in any colony or season. Varroa destructor was widespread in March (end of summer-beginning of autumn), decreasing after acaricide treatments. Viruses ABPV, DWV, and SBV presented a similar trend, while IAPV and KBV were not detected. Nosema ceranae was detected along the year while Nosema apis was detected only in one sample. Fifteen percent of the colonies died, being associated to high V. destructor mite load in March and high N. ceranae spore loads in September. Although similar results have been reported in north hemisphere countries, this is the first study of these characteristics in Uruguay, highlighting the regional importance. On the other side, colonies with pollen of diverse botanical origins showed reduced viral infection levels, suggesting that an adequate nutrition is important for the development of healthy colonies.

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American Foulbrood in Uruguay: Twelve years from its first report

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Honeybee colony losses in Uruguay during 2013–2014

Honeybee colony losses in Uruguay during 2013–2014

First detection of Paenibacillus larvae the causative agent of American Foulbrood in a Ugandan honeybee colony

Seasonal Variation of Honeybee Pathogens and its Association with Pollen Diversity in Uruguay

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