American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Protocol 2017: A Literature Review

A, Ali Cherif; M, Abu Zar; Kamal, Arshad; Ae, Faquih; Bhan, Chetan; Iftikhar, Waleed; Mb, Malik; Mq, Ahmad; Ns, Ali; Sa, Sami; Jitidhar, Fnu; Am, Cheema; Zulfiqar, Abrar-Ahmad

doi:10.7759/cureus.3230

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), coronary heart disease (CHD) is a primary cause of both men and women's mortality, which results in more than 7 million deaths annually [1]. It is widely accepted that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is also one of the important risk factors for CHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease

et al. 2020

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Background The present research aimed to analyze the impacts of magnesium and zinc supplements on glycemic control, serum lipids, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods According to the research design, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial has been implemented on 60 subjects suffering from CHD and T2DM. Therefore, participants have been randomly divided into 2 groups for taking placebo (n = 30) or 250 mg magnesium oxide plus 150 mg zinc sulfate (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Results Magnesium and zinc significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β − 9.44 mg/dL, 95% CI, − 18.30, − 0.57; P = 0.03) and insulin levels (β − 1.37 μIU/mL, 95% CI, − 2.57, − 0.18; P = 0.02). Moreover, HDL-cholesterol levels significantly enhanced (β 2.09 mg/dL, 95% CI, 0.05, 4.13; P = 0.04) in comparison to the placebo. There was an association between magnesium and zinc intake, and a significant decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) (β − 0.85 mg/L, 95% CI, − 1.26, − 0.45; P < 0.001), a significant increase in total nitrite (β 5.13 μmol/L, 95% CI, 1.85, 8.41; P = 0.003) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 43.44 mmol/L, 95% CI, 3.39, 83.50; P = 0.03) when compared with placebo. Furthermore, magnesium and zinc significantly reduced the Beck Depression Inventory index (BDI) (β − 1.66; 95% CI, − 3.32, − 0.009; P = 0.04) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (β − 1.30; 95% CI, − 2.43, − 0.16; P = 0.02) when compared with the placebo. Conclusions In patients with T2DM and CHD, the 12-week intake of magnesium plus zinc had beneficial effects on FPG, HDL-cholesterol, CRP, insulin, total nitrite, TAC levels, and BDI and BAI score. This suggests that magnesium and zinc co-supplementation may be beneficial for patients with T2DM and CHD. Further studies on more patients and lasting longer are needed to determine the safety of magnesium and zinc co-supplementation. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20130211012438N31 at 11 May 2019 of registration. This study retrospectively registered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease

et al. 2020

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“… 5 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), CHD is the leading cause of death for both men and women with more than 7 million deaths per year. 7 Related studies have also shown that CHD is one of the most common causes of the death of T2DM, and CHD accounts for approximately 65% of the deaths of diabetic patients. 8 T2DM is one of the important risk factors for CHD, and the risk of CHD in diabetic patients is twice that in nondiabetic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

<p>Nomogram Based on Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Heart Disease</p>

Shi

Niu

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Introduction This study aimed to study risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and establish a clinical prediction model. Research Design and Methods A total of 3402 T2DM patients were diagnosed by clinical doctors and recorded in the electronic medical record system (EMRS) of six Community Health Center Hospitals from 2015 to 2017, including the communities of Huamu, Jinyang, Yinhang, Siping, Sanlin and Daqiao. From September 2018 to September 2019, 3361 patients (41 patients were missing) were investigated using a questionnaire, physical examination, and biochemical index test. After excluding the uncompleted data, 3214 participants were included in the study and randomly divided into a training set (n = 2252) and a validation set (n = 962) at a ratio of 3:1. Through lead absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and logistic regression analysis of the training set, risk factors were determined and included in a nomogram. The C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to validate the distinction, calibration and clinical practicality of the model. Results Age, T2DM duration, hypertension (HTN), hyperuricaemia (HUA), body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were significant factors in this study. The C-index was 0.750 (0.724–0.776) based on the training set and 0.767 (0.726–0.808) based on the validation set. Through ROC analysis, the set area was 0.750 for the training set and 0.755 for the validation set. The calibration test indicated that the S:P of the prediction model was 0.982 in the training set and 0.499 in the validation set. The decision curve analysis showed that the threshold probability of the model was 16–69% in the training set and 16–73% in the validation set. Conclusion Based on community surveys and data analysis, a prediction model of CHD in T2DM patients was established.

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“…1,2 This disease cause continuous end-organ damage leading to chronic kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, retinopathies and increased risk for stroke. 3 Primary prevention has been the main aim for reducing the overall disability. However, it is usually not achievable, so management lies in pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological methods, depending upon the choice and resources of the patient and the available expertise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Blood Pressure in Adult Hypertensive Patients with Lifestyle Modifications

Hussain

Hafeez

Naveed

et al. 2022

PAFMJ

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Objective: To determine the impact of lifestyle on the optimization of blood pressure in adult hypertensive patients Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Aug 2019 to Jan 2020 Methodology: The study population comprised of 200 hypertension patients reporting for routine follow-up. Patients were divided into two groups. Group-A (controls) had the patients with the continuation of the routine anti-hypertensive medication. At the same time, Group-B (cases) received lifestyle modifications (salt restriction, quitting smoking and daily step count by using a pedometer) in addition to the routine anti-hypertension medication. Control of blood pressure among the groups was compared three months after the start of the study. Results: Mean age of the patients was 46.50±3.56 years. The mean duration of hypertension in the study participants was 5.12±3.24 years. Optimal blood pressure was achieved in 103(51.5%), while this was not achieved in 97(48.5%). With the help of binary logistic regression analysis, we found a statistically significant difference in achieving optimal blood pressure control among the cases and controls. Gender was also statistically significant in achieving control of blood pressure (pvalue<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed a significant difference in optimizing the blood pressure of patients who received lifestyle modification in addition to conventional biological treatment than those who only received the routine anti-hypertensive medication. Females also had better control as compared to males.

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American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Protocol 2017: A Literature Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease

The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease

<p>Nomogram Based on Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Heart Disease</p>

Optimization of Blood Pressure in Adult Hypertensive Patients with Lifestyle Modifications

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