American Sign Language: The Phonological Base

Liddell, Scott K.; Johnson, Robert E.

doi:10.1353/sls.1989.0027

Cited by 584 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Many linguists have argued that signed languages exhibit a "phonological" level of structure, despite the fact that signed languages are perceived visually rather than auditorily [5,10,29,33]. In spoken languages, words are constructed out of sounds which in and of themselves have no meaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural systems underlying lexical retrieval for sign language

et al. 2003

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Positron emission tomography was used to investigate whether signed languages exhibit the same neural organization for lexical retrieval within classical and non-classical language areas as has been described for spoken English. Ten deaf native American sign language (ASL) signers were shown pictures of unique entities (famous persons) and non-unique entities (animals) and were asked to name each stimulus with an overt signed response. Proper name signed responses to famous people were fingerspelled, and common noun responses to animals were both fingerspelled and signed with native ASL signs. In general, retrieving ASL signs activated neural sites similar to those activated by hearing subjects retrieving English words. Naming famous persons activated the left temporal pole (TP), whereas naming animals (whether fingerspelled or signed) activated left inferotemporal (IT) cortex. The retrieval of fingerspelled and native signs generally engaged the same cortical regions, but fingerspelled signs in addition activated a premotor region, perhaps due to the increased motor planning and sequencing demanded by fingerspelling. Native signs activated portions of the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), an area previously implicated in the retrieval of phonological features of ASL signs. Overall, the findings indicate that similar neuroanatomical areas are involved in lexical retrieval for both signs and words.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural systems underlying lexical retrieval for sign language

et al. 2003

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“…Unlike speech they do not have to occur sequentially, but can be combined in parallel to describe a sign. Studies of American Sign Language (ASL) by Liddell and Johnson [64] model sign language on the movement-hold sys-tem. Signs are broken into sections where an aspect is changing and sections where a state is held steady.…”

Section: Sign Linguisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The early work of Vogler and Metaxas [99] borrowed heavily from the studies of sign language by Liddell and Johnson [64], splitting signs into motion and pause sections. While their later work [101], used PaHMMs on both hand shape and motion sub-units, as proposed by the linguist Stokoe [95].…”

Section: Phoneme Level Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sign Language Recognition

Cooper

Holt

Bowden

2011

Visual Analysis of Humans

182

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This chapter covers the key aspects of Sign Language Recognition (SLR), starting with a brief introduction to the motivations and requirements, followed by a précis of sign linguistics and their impact on the field. The types of data available and the relative merits are explored allowing examination of the features which can be extracted. Classifying the manual aspects of sign (similar to gestures) is then discussed from a tracking and non-tracking viewpoint before summarising some of the approaches to the non-manual aspects of sign languages. Methods for combining the sign classification results into full SLR are given showing the progression towards speech recognition techniques and the further adaptations required for the sign specific case. Finally the current frontiers are discussed and the recent research presented. This covers the task of continuous sign recognition, the work towards true signer independence, how to effectively combine the different modalities of sign, making use of the current linguistic research and adapting to larger more noisy data sets.

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“…A antecipação e a perseveração, por sua vez, consistem, respectivamente, em antecipar ou perseverar a mão não-dominante envolvida na produção de sinais feitos com duas mãos durante a realização de um ou mais sinais tipicamente articulados apenas com uma (LIDDELL; JOHNSON, 1989;SANDLER, 1993). Já o espelhamento consiste na cópia das características e atividades articulatórias da mão dominante pela mão não-dominante quando esta não está participando da realização de um sinal e, portanto, encontra-se em repouso no colo ou na altura do peito (NILSSON, 2007).…”

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A duplicação do número de mãos de sinais da Libras e seus efeitos semânticos

Xavier¹,

Barbosa

2015

Fórum Linguist.

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duas, apresentam mudança em seu significado. Os dados discutidos aqui, apesar de originalmente coletados a partir de observações de sinalizações espontâneas de diferentes usuários da libras, foram eliciados de duas sinalizantes surdas em sessões separadas. Depois de apresentar as duas formas (com uma e duas mãos) dos sinais selecionados, as sinalizantes foram solicitadas a produzir exemplos de uso para cada uma delas. Os resultados mostraram que a duplicação no número de mãos, em alguns casos para um mesmo sinal, pode se dar por diferentes fatores, entre eles, pluralidade, aspecto e intensidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: libras; número de mãos; duplicação; efeitos semânticos. RESUMEN: Según Xavier (2006), existen señales en la Lengua de Señas Brasilera (Libras) que típicamente se producen con una mano y otras con dos. No obstante, trabajos recientes documentan la producción con dos manos de señales que normalmente se realizan con una y viceversa (Xavier, 2011; Barbosa, 2011Barbosa, , 2013. Este trabajo pretende analizar 27 señales de Libras que típicamente se articulan con una mano y que, cuando son producidas con dos, muestran un cambio en su significado. Los datos discutidos aquí, originalmente colectados a partir de observaciones de señales espontáneas de diferentes usuarios de Libras, fueron obtenidos de dos usuarias sordas en sesiones distintas. Tras mostrar las formas unimanuales y bimanuales de las señas seleccionadas, el experimentador solicitó a las usuarias sordas que diesen ejemplos de uso para cada una de ellas. Los resultados muestran que la duplicación del número de manos puede ser causada por distintos factores (como pluralidad, aspecto y intensidad), incluso para una misma señal.PALABRAS CLAVE: Libras, número de manos, duplicación, efectos semánticos.ABSTRACT: According to Xavier (2006), there are signs in the Brazilian sign language (Libras) that are typically developed with one hand, while others are made by both hands. However, recent studies document the communication, with both hands, of signs which usually use only one hand, and vice-versa (XAVIER, 2011; XAVIER, 2013;BARBOSA, 2013). This study aims the discussion of 27 Libras' signs which are typically made with one hand and that, when articulated with both hands, present changes in their meanings. The data discussed hereby, even though originally collected from observations of spontaneous signs from different Libras' users, have been elicited by two deaf patients in distinct sessions. After presenting the two forms of the selected signs (made with one and two hands), the patients were asked to create examples of use for each of the signs. The results proved that the duplication of hands, at least for the same signal in some cases, may happen due to different factors (such as plurality, aspect and intensity).

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American Sign Language: The Phonological Base

Cited by 584 publications

References 7 publications

Neural systems underlying lexical retrieval for sign language

Neural systems underlying lexical retrieval for sign language

Sign Language Recognition

A duplicação do número de mãos de sinais da Libras e seus efeitos semânticos

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