Objective
To assess the diagnostic capability of handheld echocardiography (HHE) compared with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) performed and evaluated by experienced sonographers and expert echocardiographers.
Patients and Methods
We conducted a prospective study of adult outpatients undergoing comprehensive TTE from July 9, 2012, through April 3, 2013. Experienced sonographers performed a detailed, standardized examination with a handheld ultrasound device (Vscan; GE Healthcare) that included 2-dimensional and color Doppler images from standard imaging windows. TTE and HHE images were independently interpreted by expert echocardiographers to whom the other study was masked. Agreement between the standard TTE and the HHE reports was analyzed.
Results
The study group contained 190 patients (mean [SD] age, 62 [17] years; 49% male). κ Values were 0.52 for left ventricular (LV) enlargement, 0.52 for right ventricular enlargement, 0.62 for regional wall motion abnormalities, 0.73 for aortic stenosis, and 0.61 for mitral regurgitation. Lin concordance correlation coefficients ranged from 0.89 for LV end-systolic diameter to 0.78 for LV end-diastolic diameter. In 51 patients (27%), echocardiographic findings were discordant between HHE and standard TTE. The most common discordant finding was the presence vs absence of any regional wall motion abnormalities. In discordant cases, HHE tended to underestimate, rather than overestimate, the severity of abnormal findings.
Conclusion
HHE in experienced hands shows moderate correlation with standard TTE, but discordant findings were present in 27% of patients. HHE, even when performed and interpreted by experienced operators, should not be used as a surrogate for standard TTE.