Open Access Review Articlebecause of the low prevalence of diseased athletes and the large number of false-positive and false negative tests [1,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Both cost and price of a complete echocardiogram is prohibitively high (e.g., $427 Medicare to >$2,275) [30].The cost of a limited echocardiogram is much lower (e.g.,$10 to $75) [24,31,32], but it does not focus upon the essential features pertinent to athletic screening to determine risk [29,32,33]. Small hand held devices have a certain degree of cost effectiveness, [24] but have a high price because this technology currently is incapable of obtaining or quantifying emergent physiologic data.A logical solution to this dilemma is an essential, focused echocardiogram designed to obtain small numbers of related pathophysiologic data [28] and maximize cost-effectiveness [19]. Practice expenses are further reduced by selection of point-ofcare ultrasound, remote exam rooms, limited documentation, cloud storage and reduction of costly services [28]. The cost of a focused echo cannot mirror the cost of a limited echo, CPT (93308), because the components and services used are substantially different. The essential, focused screening emphasizes the essentials of simplicity [15,[34][35][36]:assurance of normal and rule-out of abnormal. [2,5,9,13,28,34,43,45]; and prioritize the confirmation of normal and there-by rule out the rare abnormal [7].
Additional novel efficiencies include open-access ordering
High QualityEssential criteria for quality include: eliminate false positives and false negatives [5,7]; prioritize pathophysiology [5,9], causality [10][11][12], simplicity [13][14][15], inductive reasoning [16], and "essentialism" [17,18].