American Time Use Survey: Sleep Time and Its Relationship to Waking Activities

Basner, Mathias; Fomberstein, Kenneth M.; Razavi, Farid M.; Banks, Siobhan; William, Jeffrey H.; Rosa, Roger R.; Dinges, David F.

doi:10.1093/sleep/30.9.1085

Cited by 487 publications

(395 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We find no significant correlation (r=−0.086, p=0.57). Across the 46 countries, males have a 30 minute longer average wear time than women (14.2 vs. 13.7 hours), which is consistent with longer average sleep duration of females 16, 36 .…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 56%

Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality

Althoff

Sosič

Hicks

et al. 2017

Nature

786

556

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Understanding the basic principles that govern physical activity is needed to curb the global pandemic of physical inactivity1–7 and the 5.3 million deaths per year associated with in-activity2. Our knowledge, however, remains limited owing to the lack of large-scale measurements of physical activity patterns across free-living populations worldwide1, 6. Here, we leverage the wide usage of smartphones with built-in accelerometry to measure physical activity at planetary scale. We study a dataset consisting of 68 million days of physical activity for 717,527 people, giving us a window into activity in 111 countries across the globe. We find inequality in how activity is distributed within countries and that this inequality is a better predictor of obesity prevalence in the population than average activity volume. Reduced activity in females contributes to a large portion of the observed activity inequality. Aspects of the built environment, such as the walkability of a city, were associated with less gender gap in activity and activity inequality. In more walkable cities, activity is greater throughout the day and throughout the week, across age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) groups, with the greatest increases in activity for females. Our findings have implications for global public health policy and urban planning and highlight the role of activity inequality and the built environment for improving physical activity and health.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 56%

Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality

Althoff

Sosič

Hicks

et al. 2017

Nature

786

556

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show abstract

“…Because people may sleep more on federal holidays than on other days, interviews were dummy coded 1 for holidays and 0 for all other days. Previous research indicates a negative correlation between time spent sleeping and time spent working (Basner et al, 2007). Accordingly, we entered number of minutes spent working as a control variable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing to daylight saving time cuts into sleep and increases workplace injuries.

Barnes¹,

Wagner²

2009

Journal of Applied Psychology

205

184

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The authors examine the differential influence of time changes associated with Daylight Saving Time on sleep quantity and associated workplace injuries. In Study 1, the authors used a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health database of mining injuries for the years 1983-2006, and they found that in comparison with other days, on Mondays directly following the switch to Daylight Saving Time-in which 1 hr is lost-workers sustain more workplace injuries and injuries of greater severity. In Study 2, the authors used a Bureau of Labor Statistics database of time use for the years 2003-2006, and they found indirect evidence for the mediating role of sleep in the Daylight Saving Time-injuries relationship, showing that on Mondays directly following the switch to Daylight Saving Time, workers sleep on average 40 min less than on other days. On Mondays directly following the switch to Standard Timein which 1 hr is gained-there are no significant differences in sleep, injury quantity, or injury severity.

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“…This amounts to about 70% of the time we spend at home (Basner, 2007;Glorieux, 2008). The exposure conditions in the bedroom are fundamentally different than in other rooms, mainly due to the fact that for a large majority of time spent in the bedroom, the occupants are asleep, with their head pressed against some of the major potential emission sources in the bedroom: mattress, bed cloth, and pillow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%