Americanarum Diatom Arum Exsiccata: Fascicle Ii (Cana), Voucher Slides Representing 34 Lakes, Ponds and Streams From Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic, North America

Hamilton, Paul B.; Poulin, Michel; Prévost, Clément; Angell, M.; Edlund, S A

doi:10.1080/0269249x.1994.9705309

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For example, H. balfouriana is often associated with moss habitats. This small diatom was dominant in Long Lake where moss is abundant along the shoreline and soils are acidic (Hamilton et al, 1994). Although this species is widely distributed across the study area, it was not recorded from Cornwallis Island and was only present in one lake on Devon Island, the regions where pH values are the highest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Warmer temperatures (Edlund & Alt, 1989), more characteristic of southern arctic regions, lead to increased terrestrial plant growth, which is reflected in the lake water chemistry due to increased allochthonous carbon to the lacustrine system. The degradation of peat that had accumulated in this region during the early Holocene may also be contributing carbon to the system, as do Tertiary coal deposits (Hamilton et al, 1994). Increases in diatom concentrations in sediment cores have been used to infer warmer climates in the past (Gajewski et al, 1997;Smith, 2002;Wolfe, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freshwater diatom biogeography in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Bouchard

Gajewski

Hamilton

2004

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Document the biogeographical distributions of diatoms in the Canadian Arctic in relation to environmental factors. Location The Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Methods Diatoms were extracted from lake sediments and treated using standard methods. Rarefaction‐estimated species richness, diatom concentrations (valves cc−1), and diatom abundance were mapped using a Geographic Information System. The physical and chemical parameters of the lakes were measured. Results A total of 326 taxa from 63 genera were found in 62 lakes of the study area. Up to 85 and as low as eight taxa were identified in any one lake, and rarefaction‐estimated species richness correlated with lake size. Nearby lakes could have greatly different diatom assemblages. Many taxa showed limited distributions. Response surfaces and ordination techniques indicate that a large number of taxa prefer colder regions of the Arctic while the abundance of others was influenced by lake water chemical parameters such as TKN and SiO2. Main conclusions Although many taxa were common and found across the study area, diatom assemblages showed regional differences in the Arctic. Some taxa were not found in either the northern or southern parts of the Archipelago and others were restricted to particular regions. Newly delineated genera showed interpretable geographical patterns and could be related to environmental factors, suggesting that this more natural grouping may enhance our understanding of diatom ecology. Geographical, physical, and chemical factors are needed to explain diatom distributions in the Arctic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freshwater diatom biogeography in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Bouchard

Gajewski

Hamilton

2004

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Remains of both diatoms and chrysophyte stomatocysts are often well preserved in Arctic lake sediments, and species distribution can be linked to environmental parameters, including habitat (Smol, 1983;Duff & Smol, 1989). Studies by the author and Hamilton et al (1994) have shown that, in lake basins from the study area, the littoral and benthic diatom populations are strongly dissimilar. Furthermore, scrapings of clasts in the study lakes show a high diversity and abundance of epilithic species (attached to rocks).…”

Section: Diatoms and Chrysophyte Stomatocystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamictic sediments within high Arctic lake sediment cores: evidence for lake ice rafting along the lateral glacial margin

Smith

2000

Sedimentology

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Sediment cores from six small lake basins in the Canadian high Arctic reveal a gravel‐rich (≤30% by weight) to gravel‐poor (≥2%) diamict facies underlying massive, post‐glacial, clayey silt. Ten other lakes contain a second diamict facies within what are interpreted to be glaciolacustrine sedimentary assemblages. The sedimentology, clast fabrics and fossil remains (diatoms, ostracodes and chironomid head capsules) within both diamict facies suggest that these deposits are not tills. Clast fabrics yielded low S1 (0·41–0·57) and high S3 (0·09–0·22) eigenvalues, placing them within the range of ice‐rafted diamictons and glacigenic sediment flows. The high percentage of clast dip angles >45° (15–61%), random clast azimuth and lower diamict contacts conformable to underlying current‐bedded sediment favours an origin as a rain‐out or settling deposit. Samples of the matrix and scrapings of clasts from the diamicts revealed a diatom assemblage dominated by littoral and planktonic forms, such as are found in the littoral regions of the lakes today. This contrasts sharply with the assemblages within the overlying clayey silt, in which benthic forms predominate. Clasts are thus interpreted to have been rafted from the littoral areas of the lake. The process proposed to explain this is rafting by the lake ice cover in a glacial‐marginal environment. Early season meltwater, impounded along the lateral margin of retreating cold‐based glaciers, would buoyantly lift the lake ice cover and any adfrozen lake sediment. Higher lake levels and increased areal extent of seasonal freeze‐on between the lake ice cover and the lake bed would allow the redeposition of littoral sediments to the benthic regions through greater lateral shifting of the ice cover as it broke up. Incision by meltwater streams into the lateral glacial margins would later isolate the lake, allowing seasonal warming of lake water, enough to support the growth and maturation of the ostracode and chironomid species found as fossils within the diamicts.

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“…In the High Arctic, diatom paleolimnological reconstructions have been used to track shifts in microhabitat, ice cover, salinity and other variables as they pertain to overall climate change (Douglas & Smol 1999). High Arctic diatom communities show a preference for specific microhabitats, such as rock, moss and sediment substrates (Hamilton et al 1994;Douglas & Smol 1995;Lim et al 2001), and this characteristic can be applied to tracking past environmental changes in habitat availability. High Arctic lakes and ponds are distinguished from their counterparts at lower latitudes based on a few key characteristics (Smol & Cumming 2000;Vincent & Hobbie 2000): consistent cold water temperatures ; persistent and extended snow and ice cover ; and extreme seasonal changes in incoming solar radiation.…”

Section: Biological Proxy Indicators In High Arctic Paleolimnologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleolimnology in the High Arctic – implications for the exploration of Mars

Lim¹,

Cockell²

2002

International Journal of Astrobiology

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Paleolimnology provides information on the past chemical, physical and biological nature of water bodies. In polar regions, where global climatic changes can be exacerbated compared with lower latitudes, the science has become important for reconstructing past changes and in so doing, predicting possible effects of future changes. Owing to the association of life with water bodies, particularly stable water bodies sustained over many millennia, paleolake regions on the surface of Mars are of exobiological importance. In this mini-review, we use experience gathered in the High Arctic to describe the importance of paleolimnology in the Earth's polar regions as it pertains to the future application of this science to robotic and human exploration missions to the planet Mars.

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Americanarum Diatom Arum Exsiccata: Fascicle Ii (Cana), Voucher Slides Representing 34 Lakes, Ponds and Streams From Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic, North America

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Freshwater diatom biogeography in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Freshwater diatom biogeography in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Diamictic sediments within high Arctic lake sediment cores: evidence for lake ice rafting along the lateral glacial margin

Paleolimnology in the High Arctic – implications for the exploration of Mars

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