Ametabolic embryos of <i>Artemia franciscana</i> accumulate DNA damage during prolonged anoxia

McLennan, Alexander G.

doi:10.1242/jeb.023663

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…2). The occurrence of rapid DNA repair that has been suggested by many authors to be a specific feature of anhydrobiotic organisms [1], [8], [10], [22], [29], [53] was not observed in the cells we studied. Instead, it took more than 48 h to complete DNA recovery in the larvae reviving after anhydrobiosis and even longer in larvae irradiated with 4 He ions (Fig.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…In multicellular animals, the effect of anhydrobiosis on DNA is controversial. While prolonged dehydration affects the nucleic acids of anhydrobionts and plant seeds in a duration-dependent manner, anhydrobiosis does not cause any serious DNA damage in the anhydrobiotic nematodes, crustaceans and tardigrades with the exception of bdelloid rotifers in which the DNA fragmentation effect of desiccation is suggested to occur [8], [22], [27], [28], [29], [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Anhydrobiosis-Associated Nuclear DNA Damage and Repair in the Sleeping Chironomid: Linkage with Radioresistance

et al. 2010

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Anhydrobiotic chironomid larvae can withstand prolonged complete desiccation as well as other external stresses including ionizing radiation. To understand the cross-tolerance mechanism, we have analyzed the structural changes in the nuclear DNA using transmission electron microscopy and DNA comet assays in relation to anhydrobiosis and radiation. We found that dehydration causes alterations in chromatin structure and a severe fragmentation of nuclear DNA in the cells of the larvae despite successful anhydrobiosis. Furthermore, while the larvae had restored physiological activity within an hour following rehydration, nuclear DNA restoration typically took 72 to 96 h. The DNA fragmentation level and the recovery of DNA integrity in the rehydrated larvae after anhydrobiosis were similar to those of hydrated larvae irradiated with 70 Gy of high-linear energy transfer (LET) ions (4He). In contrast, low-LET radiation (gamma-rays) of the same dose caused less initial damage to the larvae, and DNA was completely repaired within within 24 h. The expression of genes encoding the DNA repair enzymes occurred upon entering anhydrobiosis and exposure to high- and low-LET radiations, indicative of DNA damage that includes double-strand breaks and their subsequent repair. The expression of antioxidant enzymes-coding genes was also elevated in the anhydrobiotic and the gamma-ray-irradiated larvae that probably functions to reduce the negative effect of reactive oxygen species upon exposure to these stresses. Indeed the mature antioxidant proteins accumulated in the dry larvae and the total activity of antioxidants increased by a 3–4 fold in association with anhydrobiosis. We conclude that one of the factors explaining the relationship between radioresistance and the ability to undergo anhydrobiosis in the sleeping chironomid could be an adaptation to desiccation-inflicted nuclear DNA damage. There were also similarities in the molecular response of the larvae to damage caused by desiccation and ionizing radiation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anhydrobiosis-Associated Nuclear DNA Damage and Repair in the Sleeping Chironomid: Linkage with Radioresistance

et al. 2010

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“…The role of an efficient DNA repair system has previously been suggested as a possible explanation for the high tolerance to radiation in tardigrades [ 11 , 12 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], but has yet to be documented. However, two important proteins for DNA damage/response are induced in tardigrades after radiation exposure (RAD51, [ 31 ]; HSP70, [ 32 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance to Gamma Radiation in the Tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini from Embryo to Adult Correlate Inversely with Cellular Proliferation

Beltrãn-Pardo¹,

Jonsson²,

Harms‐Ringdahl³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Tardigrades are highly tolerant to desiccation and ionizing radiation but the mechanisms of this tolerance are not well understood. In this paper, we report studies on dose responses of adults and eggs of the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini exposed to gamma radiation. In adults the LD50/48h for survival was estimated at ~ 4200 Gy, and doses higher than 100 Gy reduced both fertility and hatchability of laid eggs drastically. We also evaluated the effect of radiation (doses 50 Gy, 200 Gy, 500 Gy) on eggs in the early and late embryonic stage of development, and observed a reduced hatchability in the early stage, while no effect was found in the late stage of development. Survival of juveniles from irradiated eggs was highly affected by a 500 Gy dose, both in the early and the late stage. Juveniles hatched from eggs irradiated at 50 Gy and 200 Gy developed into adults and produced offspring, but their fertility was reduced compared to the controls. Finally we measured the effect of low temperature during irradiation at 4000 Gy and 4500 Gy on survival in adult tardigrades, and observed a slight delay in the expressed mortality when tardigrades were irradiated on ice. Since H. dujardini is a freshwater tardigrade with lower tolerance to desiccation compared to limno-terrestrial tardigrades, the high radiation tolerance in adults, similar to limno-terrestrial tardigrades, is unexpected and seems to challenge the idea that desiccation and radiation tolerance rely on the same molecular mechanisms. We suggest that the higher radiation tolerance in adults and late stage embryos of H. dujardini (and in other studied tardigrades) compared to early stage embryos may partly be due to limited mitotic activity, since tardigrades have a low degree of somatic cell division (eutely), and dividing cells are known to be more sensitive to radiation.

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“…One explanation is that the hatching delay is needed to reverse the diapause metabolic regulatory mechanisms (Clegg ). Another explanation is the time need to repair DNA damage that might have accumulated during anoxia (McLennan ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egg viabilities under anoxia were higher than those exposed to oxygen. During anoxia, metabolism is severely suppressed (McLennan ; Wu et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal egg viability storage conditions in two commercial fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand

Thaimuangphol

Sanoamuang

2017

Aquac Res

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Optimal egg viability storage conditions for two commercial fairy shrimps, Branchinella thailandensis and Streptocephalus sirindhornae, were investigated. Eggs for each treatment were kept under eight different conditions at four different temperatures for 24 months. Every 2 months, representative eggs were hatched to evaluate hatching percentages. Low temperature and oxygen, darkness and dry conditions significantly influenced egg hatchability of both species. Undehydrated eggs hatchability in all conditions ranged from 0 to 10% in S. sirindhornae and 0 to 20% in B. thailandensis. Hatching percentages of B. thailandensis were higher than those of S. sirindhornae. Hatchability under all experimental regimes continuously decreased over time, except for dry eggs stored at À18°C in darkanoxic conditions. Hatchability was markedly delayed in both species over time. We demonstrate that both species' eggs can be stored at À18°C at least for 24 months with high hatchability in B. thailandensis (80%) and S. sirindhornae (60%) under dry, dark, anoxic conditions.

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Ametabolic embryos of Artemia franciscana accumulate DNA damage during prolonged anoxia

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Anhydrobiosis-Associated Nuclear DNA Damage and Repair in the Sleeping Chironomid: Linkage with Radioresistance

Anhydrobiosis-Associated Nuclear DNA Damage and Repair in the Sleeping Chironomid: Linkage with Radioresistance

Tolerance to Gamma Radiation in the Tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini from Embryo to Adult Correlate Inversely with Cellular Proliferation

Optimal egg viability storage conditions in two commercial fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand

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