Ametropia among school children-A cross-sectional study in a sub-urban municipality in Ghana

Abdul–Kabir, Mohammed; Bortey, Daniel Nii Kwashie; Onoikhua, Eghonghon Ehianata; Asare-Bediako, Bright; Kumah, David Ben

doi:10.15761/pd.1000114

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The number of children aged 5–18 years included in the study ranged from 208 for a study conducted in Ghana [ 45 ] to 6192 for another study conducted in Tunisia [ 34 , 55 ]. The prevalence of myopia reported in these studies ranged from 0.5% [ 42 ] to 10.4% [ 36 , 52 ] with cycloplegic refraction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of myopia reported in these studies ranged from 0.5% [ 42 ] to 10.4% [ 36 , 52 ] with cycloplegic refraction. In studies where non–cycloplegic refraction was used to determine refractive error refraction in school children, the reported myopia prevalence ranged from 1.7% [ 51 ] to 22.6% [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pooled estimate of myopia in the African region was significant (5.0%, 95%CI: 4.1, 5.8; p<0.001) and about 37.5% of the studies (n = 9) reported significantly higher prevalence of myopia and 50% (n = 12) reporting significantly lower prevalence compared with the pooled estimate across Africa. The study by Abdul–Kabir found the highest prevalence (22.6%) of myopia among Ghanaian children (95%CI: 17.1, 28.9) [ 45 ], while Anera et al found the lowest prevalence among children in Burkina Faso (0.5%, 95%CI: 0.1, 1.9) [ 42 ]. The pooled prevalence estimates of myopia was similar to the study by Ebri [ 46 ] and Ezinne [ 47 ] (4.8%, 95%CI:4.2, 5.5), both involving children from Nigeria [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of myopia defined as SER ≥ 0.50D of myopia in school children across African countries was 4.7% (95%CI, 3.9, 5.7%) and there were wide variations within and between African countries. A significantly higher prevalence rate was observed in Ghana [ 45 ] and South Africa [ 43 ], with significantly lower rates in Burkina Faso [ 42 ] and Ethiopa [ 56 ]. In some countries like Ghana, the variation in the reported prevalence of myopia between studies reached 21% [ 37 , 41 , 45 , 48 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significantly higher prevalence rate was observed in Ghana [ 45 ] and South Africa [ 43 ], with significantly lower rates in Burkina Faso [ 42 ] and Ethiopa [ 56 ]. In some countries like Ghana, the variation in the reported prevalence of myopia between studies reached 21% [ 37 , 41 , 45 , 48 , 51 , 52 ]. Although the regional variations in myopia prevalence found in this study are consistent with the statement of Foster and Jiang who remarked that “Considerable regional difference exists from country to country even within the same geographical area” [ 57 ], it remains unclear why these variations exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of myopia prevalence in African school children

et al. 2022

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Purpose Increased prevalence of myopia is a major public health challenge worldwide, including in Africa. While previous studies have shown an increasing prevalence in Africa, there is no collective review of evidence on the magnitude of myopia in African school children. Hence, this study reviews the evidence and provides a meta-analysis of the prevalence of myopia in African school children. Methods This review was conducted using the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five computerized bibliographic databases, PUBMED, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Africa Index Medicus were searched for published studies on the prevalence of myopia in Africa from 1 January 2000 to 18 August 2021. Studies were assessed for methodological quality. Data were gathered by gender, age and refraction technique and standardized to the definition of myopia as refractive error ≥ 0.50 diopter. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence. Significant heterogeneity was detected among the various studies (I2 >50%), hence a random effect model was used, and sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effects of outliers. Results We included data from 24 quality assessed studies, covering 36,395 African children. The overall crude prevalence of myopia over the last two decades is 4.7% (95% CI, 3.9–5.7) in African children. Although the prevalence of myopia was slightly higher in females (5.3%, 95%CI: 4.1, 6.5) than in males (3.7%, 95% CI, 2.6–4.7; p = 0.297) and higher in older [12–18 years 5.1% (95% CI, 3.8–6.3) than younger children (aged 5–11 years, 3.4%, 95% CI, 2.5–4.4; p = 0.091), the differences were not significant. There was a significantly lower prevalence of myopia with cycloplegic compared with non-cycloplegic refraction [4.2%, 95%CI: 3.3, 5.1 versus 6.4%, 95%CI: 4.4, 8.4; p = 0.046]. Conclusions Our results showed that myopia affects about one in twenty African schoolchildren, and it is overestimated in non-cycloplegic refraction. Clinical interventions to reduce the prevalence of myopia in the region should target females, and school children who are aged 12–18 years.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of myopia prevalence in African school children

et al. 2022

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Dynamics of Myopia Progression in Ghana—Evidence From Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Kyei,

Avornyo,

Asiamah

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimTo investigate the pattern of progression of myopia among a Ghanaian clinical cohort.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of a clinical data set of all healthy myopic participants attending a tertiary eye care center was performed. Participants' biennial refraction examinations were tracked for refractive changes 4 years after the date of the first visit. This covered the period from January 2015 to December 2019. Myopia progression was defined as a difference in spherical equivalent between consecutive biennial visits equal to, or greater than −0.50 D of myopia.ResultsThe medical records of 169 myopic participants were reviewed, with the majority (53.8%) being female. Most of the participants (51.4%) were younger than 36 years, and at the end of the study period, 96 participants (56.8%), who made up the majority, showed progression of myopia Univariate regression revealed that the 36–59‐year‐old age range is associated with a 60% [cOR = 0.40, 95% CI: –0.17, 0.97; p = 0.04] reduced likelihood compared to those belonging to the 0–17‐year‐old age group, and the Mole‐Dagbon ethnicity is associated with an almost fourfold [cOR = 3.80; 95% CI: –1.40, 10.316; p = 0.01] increased likelihood of experiencing myopia progression compared to those of Ga‐Adangbe ethnicity. Multivariate regression revealed that the Mole‐Dagbon ethnicity is associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing myopia progression 4 years after their initial visit [aOR = 3.49; 95% CI: –1.27, 9.63; p = 0.02] compared to those of Ga‐Adangbe ethnicity.ConclusionOur study provides important insights into myopia progression in Ghana, with findings that are consistent with global trends. The association of myopia progression with age, place of residence, degree of myopia, and ethnicity highlights the need for tailored interventions to manage this growing public health concern in African populations.

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Epidemiology and demographic risk factors for myopia in Ghana: a 5-year retrospective study

Kyei,

Gyaami,

Abowine

et al. 2024

Discov Soc Sci Health

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Purpose To explore the epidemiology and demographic risk factors for myopia among a clinical sample. Methods In a hospital-based retrospective study, eligible subjects were grouped into either myopia or non-myopia. Demographic data, including age, sex, occupation, area of residence, region of residence, and ethnicity, were analysed. Other clinical information analysed included the degree of myopia and intervention provided for the myopia. Results Overall, the medical records of 15807 patients were retrieved between January 2015 and December 2019, with 50.9% being males. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 42.81 ± 18.99 years. A total of 44.4% of the patients were myopic. Age, type of ethnic group, occupation, and area of residence were associated with myopia. Demographic risk factors for myopia included occupations such as professionals (OR: 2.93; 95% CI 2.44–3.52), technicians and associated workers (OR: 6.71; 95% CI 5.15–8.74), service workers (OR: 11.74; 95% CI 9.62–14.33), skilled agriculture and fishery (OR: 1.88; 95% CI 1.41–2.50), craft workers (OR: 3.41; 95% CI 2.75–4.25), armed forces (OR: 10.26; 95% CI 7.54–13.97), students (OR: 3.49; 95% CI 2.76–4.42), the unemployed (OR: 6.64; 95% CI 5.44–8.11), as well as Ewe (OR: 1.46; 95% CI 1.17–1.82) and Ga-Adangbe (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 1.05–1.54) ethnicities. Conclusion Ewe and Ga-Adangbe ethnicities, and specific occupations are risk factors for myopia.

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Ametropia among school children-A cross-sectional study in a sub-urban municipality in Ghana

Abstract: Background: Uncorrected refractive error is a major disease burden among children around the world. Refractive error can lead to childhood blindness. When their vision suffers, children's routine schoolwork and day to day activities also get affected.

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Systematic review and meta-analysis of myopia prevalence in African school children

Systematic review and meta-analysis of myopia prevalence in African school children

Dynamics of Myopia Progression in Ghana—Evidence From Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Epidemiology and demographic risk factors for myopia in Ghana: a 5-year retrospective study

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