Amidoamine calix[4]resorcinarene-based oligomers and polymers as efficient sorbents of azo dyes from water

Abstract

2015) Amidoamine calix [4]resorcinarene-based oligomers and polymers as efficient sorbents of azo dyes from water, Supramolecular Chemistry, 27:9, 595-605,The sorption behaviour of three kinds of macrocyclic sorbents -amidoamine tetradodecyloxyphenylencalix [4] resorcinarene 1 and tetramethyloxyphenylencalix[4]-resorcinarene 2; composition of calix[4]resorcinarene 1 1 2, and novel P.1 and P.2 polymers with amidoamine calix[4]resorcinarene units towards three water-soluble azo dyes -methyl orange (MO), acid orange (AO5) and Congo red (CR) was studied. All sorbents form supramolecular complexes with the aforesaid dyes. The best sorbent for MO was shown to be polymer P.1, for the AO5 -composition 1 1 2 and for the CRmacrocycle 2, with high sorption capacities (373, 497 and 625 mg/g, respectively). The main factor in the binding of dyes by all studied sorbents proved to be surface electrostatic interactions. In addition to the Coulomb interactions, the most important factor for the polymers appeared to be the 'net' structure of the polymer with a high concentration of binding sites, providing electrostatic, hydrogen, dipole -dipole and hydrophobic interaction. Hydrophobic substituents in the sorbents exert a significant influence on the dye sorption. The increase of the sorbents' hydrophobicity leads to a lower sorption capacity for MO and CR and a higher sorption capacity for AO5. It was shown that sorption efficiency of the sorbent depends on the 'dye -sorbent' structure conformity.

Recent progress to construct calixarene-based polymers using covalent bonds: synthesis and applications

“…Both polymers 21 and 22 were produced using polycondensation of calix [4]resorcinarenes esters 19, 20 and diethylene triamine (Scheme 6). 35 Additionally, an innovative calix [4]arene-based polymer 24 was effectively synthesized by Shetty et al through palladium catalyzed Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling of 1,4-diethynylbenzene and tetra-bromocalix [4]arene 23 (Scheme 7). The adsorption capacity in this polymer is signicantly higher compared with other adsorbents such as activated carbon and, this may also remove the organic contaminant from water containing solvents, oils, and dyes.…”

Novel oxadiazole- and triazole-based calixarene derivatives: synthesis and extraction properties

“…Since azo dyes are not biodegradable, they emerge as an important environmental problem in waste water [38]. In addition to environmental problems, azo dyes show various toxic properties in the human body such as cancer [39,40].…”

Pyridine‐Rich Novolac‐Based Network as an Effective Adsorbent for Removing Azo Dyes

“…To this end, a variety of adsorbents such as carbon‐based materials, layered double hydroxides, natural materials, agricultural and industrial waste‐based materials, metal‐organic frameworks, polymers etc was applied for removing dyestuffs from aquatic environments . Polymeric sorbents are of particular interest because they offer noteworthy features such as the tailoring of physico‐chemical properties (molecular weight, composition, porosity, functionality), ease of handling and possibility of regeneration / reuse. A series of vibrant characteristics of phenolic resins, such as cost effective synthesis, macromolecular three‐dimensional structure, good stability in the environment and easy processibility, make them suitable for immense applications in different kinds of areas, as reported by many researchers.…”