Amiloride Increases Neuronal Damage after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Turner, Renée J.; Heuvel, Corinna van den; Vink, Robert

doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719397

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A growing body of evidence has identified ASIC1a as a possible therapeutic target for the reduction of calcium influx (Wang et al, 2006). Amiloride, a licensed and clinically safe blocker of ASICs, has been shown to be neuroprotective in rodent models of PD (Arias et al, 2008), Huntington's disease (Wong et al, 2008), multiple sclerosis (Friese et al, 2007), and traumatic brain injury (Turner et al, 2004). It is therefore reasonable to assume that Ami has neuroprotective effects on PC12 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Paeoniflorin, a potent natural compound, protects PC12 cells from MPP+ and acidic damage via autophagic pathway

Cao

Yang

Luo

et al. 2010

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Paeoniflorin, a potent natural compound, protects PC12 cells from MPP+ and acidic damage via autophagic pathway

Cao

Yang

Luo

et al. 2010

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Brains were rapidly removed and the cerebral cortex and hippocampus regions dissected in total and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, before being stored at 2808C. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus were chosen for analysis because previous studies from our laboratory (Turner et al, 2004;Donkin et al, 2007) have demonstrated significant neuronal damage in these areas of the brain following TBI.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of reference genes for normalization of real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR data in traumatic brain injury

Cook

Vink

Donkin

et al. 2008

J of Neuroscience Research

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Careful validation of reference genes used for the normalization of real-time RT-PCR data is required to obtain accurate results regarding gene expression. We evaluated the stability of seven commonly used reference genes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats 3 days following traumatic brain injury (TBI). HPRT, SDHA, and GUSB were found to be the most stable reference genes in the cerebral cortex, whereas B2MG, TBP, and GAPDH were the most stable in the hippocampus. The use of three reference genes was determined to be the optimal number for accurate normalization of data. To illustrate this point, when our gene of interest, substance P (SP), was normalized against the three most stable reference genes in both brain areas, we found no significant difference between injured and uninjured rats at the 3-day time point. However, when our SP data were normalized to each reference gene individually, SP mRNA level was highly variable depending on the reference gene chosen. The results of the present study highlight the importance of validating reference genes to be used for real-time RT-PCR analysis. The use of the most stable reference genes presented here will allow more accurate normalization of gene expression data in TBI.

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“…A modified Barnes maze was utilized to perform spatial learning and reference memory tests described by Barnes (1979) and Turner et al (2004). The maze was 122 cm in diameter made of water resistant white material, had 12 holes with a diameter of 9.5 cm equidistant from each other, and 3 cm away from the perimeter.…”

Section: Barnes Maze Test (Spatial Memory and Reference Learning)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvastatin Alters Psychomotor Performance and Daily Activity but not the Spatial Memory in Rats

Baytan

Alkanat

Özeren

et al. 2006

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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BAYTAN, S.H., ALKANAT, M., OZEREN, M., EKINCI, M. and AKGUN, A. Fluvastatin Alters Psychomotor Performance and Daily Activity but not the Spatial Memory in Rats.Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2006, 209 (4), 311-320 Statins, inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis for treating dyslipidemia and preventing cardiovascular complications, have been shown to alter central nervous system functions. Our aim was to investigate the effects of the fluvastatin, a member of statin family, on psychomotor performance, daily activity and spatial memory. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with fluvastatin (n = 8) or placebo as a control (n = 11) regardless of sex. Fluvastatin (7.5 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day for four weeks, while the control group was administered only placebo. Psychomotor performance was measured by rotarod tests. No significant difference was observed in the fluvastatin group over the course of weeks, but the control group preferred to stay on the device shorter times ( p < 0.05). For the first three weeks of the drug administration there was a statistical difference between the groups, however no difference was found after the 4th week. There was no difference in the Barnes maze spatial memory test between the groups and also within the groups over the course of time. Daily activity tests revealed that stereotypical and vertical movements of the fluvastatin group were significantly less than the control group in all four weeks. Ambulatory movements and the distances taken by the fluvastatin group were decreased significantly over the course of time ( p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively), but the control group did not reveal any significant change. Our results suggest that fluvastatin altered psychomotor performance and daily activity in rats, but it did not affect the spatial memory. These behavioral changes might be associated with alterations in the composition of the brain lipids caused by fluvastatin. statin; fluvastatin; behavior; Barnes maze; psychomotor

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Amiloride Increases Neuronal Damage after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Paeoniflorin, a potent natural compound, protects PC12 cells from MPP+ and acidic damage via autophagic pathway

Paeoniflorin, a potent natural compound, protects PC12 cells from MPP+ and acidic damage via autophagic pathway

Validation of reference genes for normalization of real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR data in traumatic brain injury

Fluvastatin Alters Psychomotor Performance and Daily Activity but not the Spatial Memory in Rats

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