Amine-Citrate Buffers for <i>p</i>H Control in Starch Gel Electrophoresis

Clayton, J. W.; Tretiak, D. N.

doi:10.1139/f72-172

Cited by 958 publications

(323 citation statements)

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“…Eight enzyme systems showed simple banding patterns and could be reliably scored: phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC 5.4.2.2), uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPP, EC 2.7.7.9), aconitate hydratase (ACO, EC 4.2.1.3), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, EC 1.1.1.41), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI, EC 5.3.1.9), triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI, EC 5.3.1.1), 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6PG, EC 1.1.1.44), and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT EC 2.6.1.1). Phosphoglucomutase, UGPP, ACO, IDH, and 6PG were resolved on a morpholine citrate buffer system at pH 7.8 (Clayton & Tretiak 1972). Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, GOT, and TPI were assayed on a lithium borate buffer at pH 8.3 (Soltis et al 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The post-fire effects on the outcrossing rate of a Brazilian savannah shrub, Helicteres sacarolha A.St.-Hil

Franceschinelli

Bawa

2005

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(The post-fire effects on the outcrossing rate of a Brazilian savannah shrub, Helicteres sacarolha A.St.-Hil.). The effect of post-fire, plant density and number of flowers per plant on outcrossing rates was examined in a Brazilian savannah shrub, Helicteres sacarolha. Data on number of flowering plants and flowers per plant were collected during the flowering season in January and February of 1994. In October of 1994, a fire swept through the studied area after 30 years of fire absence. The burnt plants of H. sacarolha resprouted, producing flowers and fruits in 1995. Seeds from several plants in both years were collected. Allozyme markers were used to estimate the multilocus outcrossing rates for 1994 and 1995 progenies. After the fire, outcrossing rates increased. In 1995, plants flowered vigorously, increasing flower density and probably pollinator activity. Helicteres sacarolha seems to be fire resistant, like other plant species of the Brazilian savannah, but several plants tagged in 1994 were not found after the fire, and may have died. Thus, although genetic diversity and outcrossing rates increased following the fire in 1994, repeated events of fire may decrease drastically the population size of H. sacarolha, leading to a diminished genetic diversity and outcrossing rates.Key words -cerrado, flower density, Helicteres, plant outcrossing rate, post-fire effect RESUMO -(Os efeitos pós-fogo na taxa de cruzamento de um arbusto do cerrado, Helicteres sacarolha A.St.-Hil.). Os efeitos do fogo, da densidade de plantas, do número de flores por planta na taxa de cruzamento foram checados para uma espécie de arbusto do cerrado, Helicteres sacarolha. Dados de número de plantas e flores por planta foram coletados durante o período de floração de janeiro a fevereiro de 1994. Em outubro de 1994, uma queimada ocorreu na área de estudo após 30 anos de ausência de fogo. No entanto, as plantas queimadas de H. sacarolha brotaram, produzindo flores e frutos em 1995. Sementes de várias plantas foram coletadas em 1994 e 1995. Marcadores aloenzimáticos foram utilizados para estimar a taxa de cruzamento para as progênies de 1994 e 1995. A taxa de cruzamento aumentou após a ocorrência do fogo. Em 1995, as plantas floresceram vigorosamente, aumentando a densidade de flores e, provavelmente, a atividade dos polinizadores entre as plantas da população. Como muitas espécies do cerrado brasileiro, H. sacarolha é tolerante ao fogo, contudo várias plantas marcadas em 1994 não foram encontradas após o fogo e podem ter morrido queimadas. Desta forma, eventos repetidos de fogo podem levar a uma drástica diminuição do tamanho da população de H. sacarolha e, conseqüentemente, a um decréscimo em suas taxas de diversidade genética e de cruzamento.Palavras-chave -cerrado, densidade de flor, efeito do fogo, Helicteres, taxa de cruzamento

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The post-fire effects on the outcrossing rate of a Brazilian savannah shrub, Helicteres sacarolha A.St.-Hil

Franceschinelli

Bawa

2005

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…Described by Clayton and Tretiak (1972) The recipes for general protein and specific enzyme stains have been adapted from Allendorf et a!., (1977), Manlove et aL, (1975), Harris and Hopkinson (1976), and Gyllensten et a!., (1980). The following 24 proteins were examined (enzyme abbreviation, buffer system (1-4), type of tissue (M = muscle, K = kidney, S = blood serum) and enzyme commission (EC) nomenclature in parenthesis): Acid phosphatase (AP, 3, M, EC 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation in four European subspecies of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

et al. 1983

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SUMMARYRed deer representing the four different European subspecies Cervus elaphus ailanticus, C. e. elcaphus, C. e. germanicus, and C. e. scoticus were examined for allozyme variability at 35 enzyme loci. The proportion of polymorphic loci within populations (F) ranged from 0 to 138 per cent and the average heterozygosity (H) from 0 to 3•6 per cent. These estimates are within the range previously observed among mammalian species. Significant allele frequency differences were found both within and between subspecies. The mean genetic distance between subspecies (D = 00164) was smaller than the differentiation at similar taxonomic levels among other ungulates, probably because of a shorter time since divergence. Within subspecies the genetic differences between populations were similar to those reported between populations within closely related species in the same geographic region. Cluster analysis based on genetic distances indicated a major genetic dichotomy between the British C. e. scoticus and the Norwegian C. a. atlanticus on one hand and the Swedish C. e. elaphus and the continental C. e. germanicus on the other.Populations of pure C. e. elaphus were not found to differ genetically in any substantial way from Swedish populations of possible heterogeneous subspecific origin. An allele unique to C. e. scoticus was found in a Swedish enclosed population where imports of British deer are known to have taken place. A population established to preserve the genetic characteristics of the C. e. elaphus subspecies appeared to have lost 36 per cent of the electrophoretically measurable heterozygosity.

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“…The following six loci were studied: AAT4*, IDPH3*, MDH3,4*, mMEP2*, IDDH-1 * and IDDH2*. Two buffer systems were used in the electrophoretic analysis; a continuous citrate-aminopropylmorpholine system (Clayton & Tretiak, 1972) for 5AAT4*, IDPH3*, MDH3,4* and mMEP2*, and a discontinuous Tris-citrate-borate system (Ridgway et a!., 1970) for IDDH1* and IDDH2*. Specific staining for enzymes was carried out using the methods of Cross & Ward (1980) and Aebersold et a!.…”

Section: Protein Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein and microsatellite single locus variability in Salmo salar L. (Atlantic salmon)

et al. 1996

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We describe genetic variation at three microsatellite single loci and six allozyme loci of seven natural Atlantic salmon populations from Ireland and Spain. A comparison of genetic variability detected at both types of loci is performed. Also, the relative value of microsatellite single locus variability with regard to the identification of individual salmon populations is assessed. Microsatellite loci are shown to display higher levels of variation than allozyme loci.Mean number of alleles (6 1.53) and heterozygosity (0.46 0.04) at microsatellite loci are greater than those found for allozymes (1.85±0.05 and 0.21±0.03, respectively), and some microsatellite alleles appear to be specific for a location or geographical area. Allozyme and microsatellite variation show the same pattern of differentiation between populations with Irish and Spanish populations grouped into different clusters. However, greater values of genetic distance were found among microsatellite (D = 0.0747±0.011) rather than among allozyme loci (D = 0.0449 0.008). These results provide evidence that microsatellite-based analysis of genetic variation will be useful in the identification of individual populations of Atlantic salmon.

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Amine-Citrate Buffers for pH Control in Starch Gel Electrophoresis

Cited by 958 publications

References 0 publications

The post-fire effects on the outcrossing rate of a Brazilian savannah shrub, Helicteres sacarolha A.St.-Hil

The post-fire effects on the outcrossing rate of a Brazilian savannah shrub, Helicteres sacarolha A.St.-Hil

Genetic differentiation in four European subspecies of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

Protein and microsatellite single locus variability in Salmo salar L. (Atlantic salmon)

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