Amines By Reduction

Abstract

Among different kinds of chemicals, amines represent essential compounds widely used as fine and bulk chemicals, which serve as key intermediates and central precursors in chemical, pharmaceuticals, agrochemical, and materials industries. Moreover, amine functionalities constitute important motifs presented in a large of number of life science molecules, which play vital roles in their activities and functions. For the synthesis of amines, catalytic reduction of nitro compounds and nitriles and reductive aminations are widely used to produce primary, secondary, and tertiary amines as well as drug targets. In this article, we discuss the recent developments on reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles, and reductive aminations using mainly nonnoble metal‐based catalysts in the presence of molecular hydrogen to access different kinds of amines.

Lignin Residue-Derived Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Iron Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes and Aromatic Aldehydes

“… 2 , 4 , 13 − 16 In this respect, precious metals such as Rh, Pd, Au, and Ag metal-based catalysts have demonstrated outstanding catalytic activity for selective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes. 2 , 4 , 13 − 15 However, a major drawback of employing these precious metals in industrial applications would be the high cost, limited availability, and accompanying safety, health, and sustainability considerations. In addition, the disposal of spent catalysts and effluent is also often a challenge.…”

“…Chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes using molecular hydrogen in the presence of more reactive functional group entities represents an essential transformation in advanced organic synthesis since anilines serve as potential building blocks in numerous industrial domains. ,,− In this respect, precious metals such as Rh, Pd, Au, and Ag metal-based catalysts have demonstrated outstanding catalytic activity for selective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes. ,,− However, a major drawback of employing these precious metals in industrial applications would be the high cost, limited availability, and accompanying safety, health, and sustainability considerations. In addition, the disposal of spent catalysts and effluent is also often a challenge.…”