Amino Acid and Secondary Metabolite Production in Embryogenic and Non-Embryogenic Callus of Fingerroot Ginger (Boesenbergia rotunda)

Abstract

Interest in the medicinal properties of secondary metabolites of Boesenbergia rotunda (fingerroot ginger) has led to investigations into tissue culture of this plant. In this study, we profiled its primary and secondary metabolites, as well as hormones of embryogenic and non-embryogenic (dry and watery) callus and shoot base, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry together with histological characterization. Metabolite profiling showed relatively higher levels of glutamine, arginine and lysine in embryogenic callus than in dry and watery calli, while shoot base tissue showed an intermediate level of primary metabolites. For the five secondary metabolites analyzed (ie. panduratin, pinocembrin, pinostrobin, cardamonin and alpinetin), shoot base had the highest concentrations, followed by watery, dry and embryogenic calli. Furthermore, intracellular auxin levels were found to decrease from dry to watery calli, followed by shoot base and finally embryogenic calli. Our morphological observations showed the presence of fibrils on the cell surface of embryogenic callus while diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethylester staining indicated the presence of flavonoids in both dry and embryogenic calli. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed that shoot base and dry and embryogenic calli contained starch reserves while none were found in watery callus. This study identified several primary metabolites that could be used as markers of embryogenic cells in B. rotunda, while secondary metabolite analysis indicated that biosynthesis pathways of these important metabolites may not be active in callus and embryogenic tissue.

Repetitive somatic embryogenesis induced cytological and proteomic changes in embryogenic lines of Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]

“…Thus, these changes inevitably affected the proteome composition of 3 ry lines and then expression of genes that are sensitive to, or involved in metabolism of, key signaling compounds (Fig. 8b ) that regulate cell growth and differentiation [ 79 , 87 , 88 ]. The high number of ABA-sensitive proteins up-regulated in the 3 ry line, and histological results, suggest that the corresponding EMs were in a more advanced stage of embryogenesis.…”

In vitro evaluation of shoot induction and proliferation protocol for olive cultivars by assessing morpho-physiologic effects of pre-cooling and growth regulators

“…Based on previous study it was presumed that both Zeatin and BAP may improve the in vitro growth of the explants of woody species (Chaari-Rkhis et al, 2011;Sardoei et al, 2014). However, the current study along with processes (Ibrahim et al, 2014;Ng et al, 2016). Santoro et al (2013) In present study the photosynthetic competence of plantlets was judged by the comparative estimation of their pigment contents.…”

Current Proteomic and Metabolomic Knowledge of Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants

“…Previous proteomic and metabolomic studies in contrasting EC lines (18R-high EC and B73-low EC) supported the involvement of the metabolism of amino acids, auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroids in EC induction [22]. Metabolomics studies in Boesenbergia rotunda and Brachypodium distachyon also exhibited the essential role of amino acids (glutamine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glycine, and lysine), especially phenylalanine and tryptophan, for the acquisition of embryogenic competence [38,39].…”